Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica coexistence in domestic ruminants in Nigeria: application of a PCR-based tool
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Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica coexistence in domestic ruminants in Nigeria: application of a PCR-based tool Verónica Castilla Gómez de Agüero 1,2 & Joshua Luka 3 & Javier Gandasegui 4 & Elora Valderas-García 1,2 & Olorugum Joseph Ajanusi 5 & Ngozi Pauline Chiezey 6 & María Martínez-Valladares 1,2 Received: 16 December 2019 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The distinction between Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica has been traditionally based on morphological criteria, although accurate recognition of the two flukes is usually difficult because of substantial variations in morphological features. The main aim of this study was to develop a PCR-based assay for discrimination between both species collected in sheep and cattle from Nigeria. A total of 47 animals, 33 cattle and 14 sheep, were sampled, and a single adult fluke was collected from each animal. DNA was extracted from flukes, and primers were designed based on mitochondrial DNA sequences to amplify a 304 bp fragment for the identification of F. hepatica and 752 bp for F. gigantica. PCR products from 12 flukes were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. A total of 29 out of 47 flukes were identified as F. hepatica and 18 as F. gigantica. Within each host, the percentage of each fluke species was as follows: In cattle, 18/33 (54.5%) and 15/33 (45.5%) were F. hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively. In sheep, 11/14 (78.6%) were F. hepatica and 3/14 F. gigantica (21.4%). The phylogenetic analysis confirmed these results. Although the number of flukes collected in sheep was limited, it seems that F. hepatica is more prevalent in sheep than F. gigantica, whereas the percentage of each species was similar in cattle. This study confirms the presence of F. hepatica in Nigeria. Keywords Fasciola hepatica . Fasciola gigantica . Sheep . Cattle . PCR diagnosis
Introduction Fascioliosis is a food-borne trematode infection caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. This infection is a zoonotic disease and is associated with a wide
* María Martínez-Valladares [email protected] 1
Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC—Universidad de León), Grulleros, León, Spain
2
Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
3
Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
4
Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
5
Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
6
National Animal Production Research Institute NAPRI, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
range of severe clinical signs in animals, mainly ruminants, but also humans (Yen et al. 2011). The accurate geographical distribution of each species in some regions of Africa and Asia is hitherto unknown (Keiser and Utzinger 2005). While F. hepatica can be found in Europe, the Ame
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