Fascism, Anti-Fascism and Britain in the 1940s
Despite the Second World War and the Holocaust, postwar Britain was not immune to fascism. By 1948, a large and confident fascist movement had been established, with a strong network of local organisers and public speakers, and an audience of thousands. H
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Also by Dave Renton RED SHIRTS AND BLACK: Fascists and Anti-Fascists in Oxford in the 1930s FASCISM: Theory and Practice
Fascism, Anti-Fascism and Britain in the 1940s Dave Renton Lecturer Department of History Edge Hill College of Higher Education
First published in Great Britain 2000 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-41410-9
ISBN 978-1-4039-1971-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4039-1971-7
First published in the United States of America 2000 by ST. MARTIN’S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Renton, Dave, 1972– Fascism, anti-fascism and Britain in the 1940s / Dave Renton. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Great Britain—Politics and government—1936–1945. 2. Anti -fascist movements—Great Britain—History—20th century. 3. Great Britain—Politics and government—1945–1964. 4. Fascism—Great Britain—History—20th century. 5. British Union of Fascists– –History. I. Title. DA586.R46 1999 941.085—DC21 99–15878 CIP © Dave Renton 2000 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-333-76085-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 09
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Contents List of Tables
vi
Preface and Acknowledgements
vii
List of Abbreviations
ix
Introduction
1
1 What Actually Happened: Fascism and Anti-Fascism, 1918–51
11
2 The Heil Hitler Brigade: Fascism, 1945–51
42
3 Not Just Commandos: Anti-Fascism, 1945–51
71
4 An Unbiased Watch? Fascism, Anti-Fascism and the State 101 Conclusion
130
Abbreviations in the Notes and Bibliography
145
Notes
146
Bibliography
187
Index
199
v
List of Tables 1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
Sample of Letters Received by Reynolds News Occupations of Fascists Detained in 1940 Orders Banning Marches in London Assaults on Jews, October 1948–October 1949 Arrests, April 1946–December 1947 Organisations from whose Meetings Cases Ensued, April 1946–December 1947 Outcome of Meetings at Ridley Road, April–October 1947 Prosecutions under Section 1
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