Fast Ion Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Formates in Alcoholic Drinks
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Fast Ion Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Formates in Alcoholic Drinks Maria Balcerzak 1 & Dawid Kapica 1
Received: 27 September 2016 / Accepted: 10 January 2017 / Published online: 16 January 2017 # The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract Monitoring of human exposure to formic acid is important due to its high biological activity. Elevated amounts of formic acid in the human body can cause serious damage to optical nerve, respiratory failure, renal failure, deep metabolic acidosis, coma, and eventual death from cardiovascular arrest. Such symptoms are characteristic for methanol poisoning owing to rapid enzymatic conversion of methanol into formic acid of substantially higher than methanol alone toxicity. Early diagnosis of methanol consumed and formic acid produced is essential for successful medical treatment. Small amounts of methanol can be introduced into the human body with alcoholic drinks (methanol can be a by-product of distillation and fermentation processes). A fast method for the determination of formates in commercial alcoholic drinks by the use of suppressed ion chromatography (IC) with conductometric detection has been developed. The applicability of two anion-exchange columns, Metrohm Metrosep A Supp 7 and Dionex IonPac AS9-HC, for selective detection of formates in mixtures with acetates and common inorganic ions occurring in such kind of samples was examined. Quantitative isolation of formates from the matrix can be reached in less than 10 min using 3.6 mmol/L Na 2 CO 3 as an eluent. Preliminary minimizing of alcoholic matrix by the evaporation (under IR source) allows to improve the quality of chromatographic results. The evaluated amounts of formates in two different Polish commercial products, BAbsolwent vodka^ and BGolden Rum,^ tested in the work were in the
* Maria Balcerzak [email protected]
1
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
range of 0.2–3.1 mg/L. The 96–107% recoveries of the formates from the examined samples were found out. Keywords Ion chromatography . Formates . Alcoholic drinks . Anionic profile
Introduction High biological activity of formic acid generates the interest in monitoring of its sources for humans. The elevated level of the acid occurring in the human body can cause significant fatal effects such as serious damage to optical nerve, respiratory failure, hepatic and renal failure, and coma. Blood concentrations above 10 mmol/L (0.5 mg/mL) can induce deep metabolic acidosis and lead to death (Kinoshita et al. 1998; Tanaka et al. 1991). Formic acid can enter the human body through diet, production by intestinal microflora, and, as a result, methanol ingestion or inhalation of its vapors. Methanol ingestion is the most important source of high concentrations of formates in body fluids and tissues. Methanol is rapidly, within 2–24 h after ingestion, metabolized (dehydrogenated) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to formaldehyde and furthe
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