Development and Validation of a LC-FD Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Eight Bisphenols in Soft Drinks
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Development and Validation of a LC-FD Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Eight Bisphenols in Soft Drinks Giacomo Russo 1 & Francesco Barbato 1 & Lucia Grumetto 1
Received: 11 September 2015 / Accepted: 22 February 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical widely used as a monomer in the production of polymers of plastics. It acts as an endocrine-disrupting agent and thus its contaminations of food and beverage should be carefully monitored in order to assess consumers’ risk. In this study, we propose a liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (LC-FD)-validated method for the simultaneous determination of BPA and seven analogues, i.e., bisphenol AF, bisphenol B, bisphenol E, bisphenol F, BPA diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, and Bisphenol M in soft drinks. A one-step solid-phase extraction (SPE) was effective at reducing the interferences, obtaining good purification of the samples, and consequently good recoveries of all analytes. The separation was obtained on a C18 column by using acetonitrile/water 55:45 (v/v) under isocratic conditions. Method validation was performed according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC criteria, providing good results regarding the analytical parameters of linearity, selectivity, sensitivity, precision, recovery, decision limit (CCα), detection capability (CCβ), limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), stability, and robustness. The method allows the detection of BPA and BADGE at levels much lower than their legal limits in the food, which are 0.06 and 9.00 mg kg−1, respectively.
Keywords Bisphenols . Canned beverages . Endocrine disruptors . Soft drinks . Liquid chromatography . Fluorescence detector
* Lucia Grumetto [email protected]
1
Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
Introduction Bisphenol A (BPA) is an important chemical intermediate in the production of polycarbonate (PC) plastics and epoxy resins, with multiple industrial applications (Glausiusz 2014). BPA and other bisphenol analogues are widely used in the manufacturing of food containers, such as plastic bottles, while epoxy resins are used as interior protective lining for food and beverage cans; therefore, their presence in our environment is almost ubiquitous (North and Halden 2013). Since several researches have reported adverse effects of BPA (Caserta et al. 2014; García-Arevalo et al. 2014), other bisphenol analogues have been gradually developed as substitutes for BPA in the manufacture of resins and plastics (Deceuninck et al. 2015; Leepipatpiboon et al. 2005; Lintschinger and Rauter. 2000; Rosenmai et al. 2014; Wang et al. 2016; Yang et al. 2014). These chemicals, also belonging to the bisphenol family (BPs), consist of two phenolic rings bound together by either a bridging carbon or other chemical structures, and some of them are considered to be able to partially replace BPA in industrial applications. For instance, bis
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