Feasibility of Improving Energy Efficiency When Using Technologies That Produce Iron Outside the Blast Furnace
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IBILITY OF IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY WHEN USING TECHNOLOGIES THAT PRODUCE IRON OUTSIDE THE BLAST FURNACE R. A. Kazakov,1 P. I. Chernousov,2 V. P. Zvolinskii,3 and N. A. Korotchenko2
UDC 669.162.27.003.1
Calculations and a comparative analysis which were performed show that compared to blast-furnace smelting and converter steelmaking, the expediency (based on indices for greenhouse-gas emissions and the energy content of the product) of non-blast-furnace-based technologies for iron and steel production depends on the extent to which secondary energy resources (SERs) are used: the efficiency of SER use and the use of steel scrap in steelmaking. Keywords: direct reduction, liquid-phase reduction, greenhouse gases, energy content, secondary resources.
The need to use coke and agglomerated iron ore in blast-furnace smelting has spurred the development of new processes that produce iron outside the blast furnace and employ other types of raw materials. The alternative technologies that have been invented to produce pig iron and primary iron are based on solid-phase reduction (Midrex, HYL, Danarex, Finmet, etc.) or liquid-phase reduction (Corex, Finex, Romelt, Ausmelt, HIsmelt, etc.) [1]. Despite the large number of technologies that have been developed for the direct reduction of iron, their practical use has been limited by the regional availability of the necessary raw materials and fuel, certain technical problems, and the cost-effectiveness of the process [2–4]. Environmental and energy efficiency is one of the most important factors in the further development of non-blast-furnace-based processes for making iron. In connection with this, we performed a comparative analysis of the feasibility of reducing the greenhouse-gas emission and energy content of ferrous metallurgy products by using a non-blast-furnace-based technology and making steel with the iron that it produces. The analysis compared this approach to the traditional scheme, which entails the preparation of agglomerated materials for blast-furnace smelting and the production of steel in basic-oxygen converters. The non-blast-furnace-based technologies examined are based on solidphase (Midrex, HYL) and liquid-phase (Romelt, Corex) reduction and are in commercial or trial use [3]. The efficiency of the two approaches was compared based on two indices: an integral index of greenhouse-gas emissions (integral emissions index, or IEI) [5] and the energy content of the production process. Materials published by Kurunov and Savchuk [3] were used as the initial data for performing the necessary calculations. Tables 1 and 2 show the main indices used for the calculations. The values of these indices may differ significantly from actual data obtained in the course of operation of metallurgical plants, but we believe that they can be used to perform a comparative analysis of different technologies.
1
National Organization for the Support of Carbon-Absorbing Projects, Moscow, Russia. National Research Technological University – Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys
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