Ferrocene-functionalized nanocomposites as signal amplification probes for electrochemical immunoassay of Salmonella typ
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Ferrocene-functionalized nanocomposites as signal amplification probes for electrochemical immunoassay of Salmonella typhimurium Sheng-Jun Bu 1 & Kui-Yu Wang 1,2 & Xiu Liu 1 & Li Ma 1 & Hong-Guo Wei 1 & Wen-Guang Zhang 1 & Wen-Sen Liu 1 & Jia-Yu Wan 1 Received: 9 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract An electrochemical immunosensor based on ferrocene (Fc)-functionalized nanocomposites was fabricated as an efficient electroactive signal probe to amplify electrochemical signals for Salmonella typhimurium detection. The electrochemical signal amplification probe was constructed by encapsulating ferrocene into S. typhimurium–specific antimicrobial peptides Magainin I (MI)-Cu3(PO4)2 organic-inorganic nanocomposites (Fc@MI) through a one-step process. Magnetic beads (MBs) coupled with antibody were used as capture ingredient for target magnetic separation, and Fc@MI nanoparticles were used as signal labels in the immunoassays. The sandwich of MBs-target-Fc@MI assay was performed using a screen-printed carbon electrode as transducer surface. The immunosensor platform presents a low limit of detection (LOD) of 3 CFU·mL−1 and a linear range from 10 to 107 CFU·mL−1, with good specificity and precision, and was successfully applied for S. typhimurium detection in milk. Keywords Electrochemical signal . Sandwich configuration . Ferrocene . Nanocomposite . Screen-printed carbon electrode
Introduction Salmonella typhimurium is one of the most important foodborne pathogenic bacteria globally [1]. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, about 1.4 million cases of Salmonella infections occur every year [2–4]. Therefore, development of a simple, rapid, and robust approach for detecting S. typhimurium is of significant importance to prevent the occurrence of outbreaks. Conventional detection methods, such as cell counting and PCR, are Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04579-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Wen-Sen Liu [email protected] * Jia-Yu Wan [email protected] 1
Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
2
Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, Guangdong, China
commonly employed to detect S. typhimurium with high sensitivity [5–7]. However, these methods require specialized instruments and expert personnel to operate. Electrochemical biosensors have gained increasing attention [8, 9] owing to their advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, good stability, and low cost and have been extensively used for bacteria detection [10, 11]. A variety of electrochemical biosensors have been developed to detect pathogens using novel nanomaterials for signal amplification [12, 13]. Nanomaterials, which present unique structure and excellent electro
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