Fine particulate pollution and ambient air quality: A case study over an urban site in Delhi, India
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Ó Indian Academy of Sciences (0123456789().,-vo lV)( 0123456789() .,-vol V)
Fine particulate pollution and ambient air quality: A case study over an urban site in Delhi, India JANHAVI SINGH1, PRIYANSHU GUPTA1, DEEPAK GUPTA2, SUNITA VERMA1,5,* , DIVYA PRAKASH3 and SWAGATA PAYRA4 1
Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India. 2 Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India. 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Poornima University, Vidhani Vatika, Jaipur 303 905, India. 4 Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Jaipur Campus, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. 5 DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. *Corresponding author. e-mail: [email protected] MS received 24 February 2020; revised 4 August 2020; accepted 3 September 2020
The current study discourses the impact of variation in PM2.5 concentration on the ambient air quality of Delhi. The 24-hourly PM2.5 concentration dataset was obtained from air quality measurement site (Anand Vihar) of Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) for the duration of April 2015 to December 2018. The annual and seasonal variability in the trend of ambient PM2.5 along with cumulative impact of meteorological parameters have been analyzed. The overall percentage increase in annual PM2.5 concentration, compared to National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) guidelines, is observed to be 286.09%. The maximum concentration of Bne particulate matter was recorded to be 788.6 lg/m3 during post-monsoon season and it was found to be associated with lower ambient temperature of 21.34°C and wind speed of 0.33 m/sec. Further, PM2.5 concentration was found to be correlated with CO (R = 0.6515) and NH3 (R = 0.6396) indicating similar sources of emission. Further, backward trajectory analysis revealed contribution in PM2.5 concentration from the states of Punjab and Haryana. The results indicated that particulate pollution is likely to occur in urban atmospheric environments with low temperatures and low wind speeds. Keywords. Particulate matter; vehicular emission; exceedance factor; carbon monoxide; backward trajectory.
1. Introduction Air pollution is an intricate blend of injurious gases and particulate matter, both exhibiting spatial as well as temporal variations in their source and composition (Monks et al. 2009; Seinfeld and Pandis 2016). It is a principal global health threat and Indian megacities (Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata) are estimated to have some of the worst levels of air pollution globally (Kumar et al. 2013; Gurjar
et al. 2016). As per World Health Organization, 13 cities of India are listed in the world’s top 20 cities with the highest annual levels of PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 lm), with New Delhi holding the leading position (Gordon et al. 2018). Further, the Delhi Pollution Con
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