First report and genetic diversity of porcine bufavirus in China
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RESEARCH
Open Access
First report and genetic diversity of porcine bufavirus in China Yan-Kuo Sun1,2, Yong-Jie Chen1,2, Yu Cai1,2, Di-Hua Zhu1,2, Hao-Ming Pan1,2, Ying-Fang Wei1,2, Xiao-Liang Han1,2, Chi-Hai Ji1,2, Gang Lu1,2, Heng Wang1,2, Chun-Quan Ma3 and Gui-Hong Zhang1,2*
Abstract Background: Bufavirus is a newly discovered zoonotic virus reported in numerous mammals and humans. However, the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of porcine bufaviruses (PBuVs) in China remain unclear. Methods: To detect PBuVs in China, 384 samples (92 fecal and 292 serum specimens) were collected from 2017 to 2018, covering six provinces in China, and were evaluated by nested PCR. Further, the positive samples from different provinces were selected to obtain the complete genome of Chinese PBuVs. Results: The prevalence rate of PBuV was 16.7% in Chinese domestic pigs in the Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Henan provinces. Additionally, the positive rate of fecal specimens was higher than that of the serum samples. Next, we sequenced nine near-complete genomes of Chinese field PBuV strains from different provinces. Homology and phylogenetic analyses indicated that Chinese PBuVs have high genetic variation (93.3– 99.2%), showed higher nucleotide identity with an Austrian PBuV strain (KU867071.1), and developed into different branches within the same cluster. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report on PBuV in China, expanding the geographic boundaries of PBuV circulation. Our data demonstrate that PBuVs are widely distributed in the six Chinese provinces. Moreover, these Chinese PBuVs exhibit genetic variation and continuous evolution characteristics. Taken together, our findings provide a foundation for future studies on bufaviruses. Keywords: Porcine bufavirus, China, Prevalence, Phylogenetic analysis, Homology analysis
Background Taxonomically, porcine bufavirus (PBuV) belongs to the genus Protoparvovirus and subfamily Parvovirinae. It is a small and non-enveloped virus with a non-segmented, single-stranded, 4–6 kb DNA genome [1, 2], which encodes non-structural protein 1 (NS1), a putative structural protein 1 (VP1), small hypothetical protein, and structural protein 2 (VP2) [3–9]. Bufavirus has been detected in humans, non-human primates, bats, canines, and rats [4–10]. In 2016, PBuV was first identified in fecal samples of domestic pigs in Hungary by viral metagenomics and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China 2 College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Its genome is genetically distinct from those of human and other mammalian-borne bufaviruses. It is also known that this virus is highly prevalent in domestic pigs and closely related to posterior paraplegia.
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