First report of cucumber mosaic virus in cyclamen ( Cyclamen spp.) in Turkey
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First report of cucumber mosaic virus in cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.) in Turkey Selin Ceren Balsak 1 & Halit Kardeş 1 & Nihal Buzkan 1 Received: 30 August 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract This study was carried out to investigate commonly occurring viruses including tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV, Orthotospovirus, Tospoviridae), impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV, Orthotospovirus, Tospoviridae), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, Cucumovirus, Bromoviridae), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV, Tobamovirus, Virgaviridae) and potato virus X (PVX, Potexvirus, Alphaflexiviridae) in Cyclamen species in three locations in Turkey. Cyclamen samples from public and home gardens, as well as from florists, were tested by DAS-ELISA. CMV was the only virus recovered from one sample from a florist, and its presence in the positive sample was confirmed by RT-PCR and BLASTn search. This is the first report of CMV in cyclamen in Turkey. Keywords Cyclamen, cucumber mosaic virus, Cucumovirus, Turkey
The genus Cyclamen L. (Myrsinaceae family) contains about 20 species of which five are endemic in Turkey (Ekim et al. 1991) and have horticultural characteristics of interest. Recently, there has been much attention to Cyclamen species because of their exclusive features such as attractive leaves and flower shapes. However, no information is available for viruses infecting cyclamen. A small scale survey was carried out in Şanlıurfa, Gaziantep (Southeast Anatolia) and Adana (Eastern Mediterranean) in 2018 and 2019 for viruses in Cyclamen spp. Leaf tissue from 197 cyclamen samples was randomly collected from public and home gardens, as well as from florists. Leaf samples were tested by DAS-ELISA using specific antibodies (Loewe, Germany) for commonly occuring viruses in cyclamen (Elmer and Daughtrey 2018) including tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV, Orthotospovirus, Tospoviridae), impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV, Orthotospovirus, Tospoviridae), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, Cucumovirus, Bromoviridae), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV, Tobamovirus, Virgaviridae) and potato virus X (PVX, Potexvirus, Alphaflexiviridae). CMV was the only virus recovered from
* Nihal Buzkan [email protected] 1
Agriculture Faculty Plant Protection Department, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, 46050 Kahramanmaras, Turkey
one sample from a florist in Gaziantep. The presence of CMV in the positive sample was confirmed by RT-PCR with a primer pair designed in a conserved region of the RNAdependent RNA polymerase gene (Grieco et al. 2000). The RT-PCR amplicon was sequenced and subjected to a BLASTn search. Based on an alignment of 513 nucleotides of the RdRp gene, the Turkish CMV-cyclamen isolate (GenBank accession number MT740922) had nucleotide identity ranging between 98.6% and 99.4% with other CMV isolates from wild lettuce in the USA (AF416900), from Alstroemeria in the Netherlands (AJ304394) and from an unspecific host in Australia (X00985). Although the virus was detected in various vegetable and w
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