First report of Neophloeospora maculans causing leaf spots in Morus nigra and M. alba in Brazil
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First report of Neophloeospora maculans causing leaf spots in Morus nigra and M. alba in Brazil Christiane Almeida da Costa1 · Josiene Silva Veloso1 · Bruno Ferreira de Oliveira2 · Valdir Lourenço Jr3 · Ailton Reis3 Received: 11 August 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract Mulberry (Morus spp.), represents a set of plants grown in Brazil for production of fruits, leaves for feeding silkworms and ruminant animals, and for landscape. In 2017 mulberry leaves with symptoms of spots were collected in Santa Catarina (SC) state and in the Distrito Federal (DF). Three fungal isolates obtained from M. nigra in DF and one isolate obtained from M. alba in SC state were characterized by both molecular and morphological tools. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolates were grouped with isolates belonging to the species Neophloeospora maculans. All isolates were pathogenic on leaves of M. nigra seedlings under greenhouse conditions and were re-isolated in pure culture, completing the Koch’s postulates. One isolate was morphologically characterized, and it showed colonies with slow growth, grayish-white color and conidia hyaline, septated, filiform, straight or curved, measuring 56 (25–70) × 4.5 (2.5–5) that confirms the molecular identification. This work reposts M. nigra as a new host of N. maculans in Brazil, as well as expands the geographic distribution of this fungus in the country. This information is potentially relevant for establishing effective disease management strategies. Keywords Mulberry · New disease · Etiology · Phylogeny
Introduction Mulberry (Morus spp.), belonging to the botanical family Moraceae, represents a set of plants originally from Asia. Due to their ability to adapt to regions of temperate as well as tropical and sub-tropical climates and to different topographic and soil conditions, they have shown wide distribution in countries of Europe, North and South America and Africa (Imran et al. 2010; Tutin 1996). There are about 24 species (Koidzumi 1917) with over 100 known cultivars. However, only a few are valued for human consumption of the fruits (Awasthi et al. 2004). Other species are important for sericulture, as the only food source for silkworm (Bombyx mori L.), forage for ruminant animals and as an ornamental plant (Imran et al. 2010; Okamoto et al. 2013). In Brazil M. alba (L.) and M. nigra (L.) are the predominant * Ailton Reis [email protected] 1
Depto. de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
2
Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
3
Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, DF, Brasil
species, the first being cultivated mainly for silkworm feeding and fruit production, while the second is cultivated for fruit production and used in landscaping (Okamoto et al. 2013). Although the species of the Morus genus cultivated in Brazil are exotic, some leaf diseases, caused by fungi, have already been registered. Several fungi have been reported to cause leaf spots in thi
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