Flash flood as an effective pebble transport mechanism: a case study from the Permian Sulige Gas Field, Ordos Basin, Chi
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Flash flood as an effective pebble transport mechanism: a case study from the Permian Sulige Gas Field, Ordos Basin, China Xiang Wang 1 & Aiping Fan 1 & Renchao Yang 1,2 & Rajat Mazumder 1,3 & Zuozhen Han 1 & Jin Li 1 Received: 2 March 2019 / Accepted: 5 September 2019 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2019
Abstract Pebbles up to 10 cm in diameter, as the main clastic component of gas reservoirs in the Permian Sulige Gas Field, deposited more than 150 km away from their northward provenance (Yinshan Mountains) in the northern Ordos Basin. The transportation and depositional mechanisms of these pebbles have been unclear for decades. Based on core examinations, facies analysis, and mathematical modeling (stress field calculation of pebbles), it is thought that (1) these coarse-grained deposits were transported and deposited in braided rivers; (2) the size of coarse-grained sediments and pebbles in the Sulige Gas Field is in accordance with the size of flash flood; (3) flash flood is regarded as a crucial important transporting mechanism of pebbles; and (4) the “flash flood genesis” braided river-braided delta sedimentary model provides a reasonable understanding for prediction of coarse-grained reservoirs for gas exploration not only in the Permian Sulige Gas Field but also in similar coarse-grained sediments elsewhere. Keywords Flash flood . Pebble transport . Coarse-grained deposits . Permian . Sulige Gas Field . Ordos Basin
Introduction Several mechanisms, such as debris flow, traction flow, and flash flood, might be responsible for pebble transport in the Highlights • Coarse-grained deposits were transported and deposited in braided rivers. • Flash flood is a crucial important transporting mechanism of pebbles. • The sedimentary model provides an understanding for prediction of reservoirs. Responsible Editor: Domenico M. Doronzo * Aiping Fan [email protected] * Renchao Yang [email protected] 1
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
2
Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
3
Department of Applied Geosciences, German University of Technology in Oman, PB 1816 Athaiba, Muscat PC 130, Sultanate of Oman
continental environment. One of them takes, however, the most possibility to transport pebbles in a particular geological setting. Although features and mechanisms of hyperpycnal flow in deep water, as an important mechanism of transporting sediments from source area to deep water sinks, have been intensively discussed (Mulder et al. 2003; Zavala and Arcuri 2016; Yang and Van Loon 2016; Yang et al. 2014a, 2016, 2017a, b, c; Fan et al. 2018), its onshore continental highdensity equivalent (i.e., flooding river) is, however, rarely reported in sedimentology studies. Archer and Fowler (2015) defined a flash flood as a short-duration flood caused by an intense precipitation event, and similar
