Flavonoids of Mutisieae and Barnadesioideae
According to Cabrera (1977) Mutisieae, a largely South American tribe, comprise 89 genera with ca. 974 species. Bremer (1994) sees the tribe as comprising 76 genera with ca. 970 species, but he excludes the Barnadesiagroup of genera. Mutisieae as presente
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Flavonoids of Mutisieae and Barnadesioideae
According to Cabrera (1977) Mutisieae, a largely South American tribe, comprise 89 genera with ca. 974 species. Bremer (1994) sees the tribe as comprising 76 genera with ca. 970 species, but he excludes the Barnadesiagroup of genera. Mutisieae as presented by Cabrera (1977) were apportioned into four subtribes: Barnadesiinae, Gochnatiinae, Nassauviinae, and Mutisiinae. A recent major event disturbed this state of affairs. The finding of a 22kb inversion in the cpDNA genome of all tested members of Asteraceae, other than members of Barnadesiinae (Jansen and Palmer, 1987b, 1988), resulted in establishment of a new subfamily, Barnadesioideae, with Barnadesieae as its sole tribe (Bremer and Jansen, 1992). Although we accept this new treatment as reasonable (see Chapter 2), for convenience we present the flavonoid chemistry of Barnadesioideae in this chapter. Bremer (1994) now recognizes only two subtribes in Mutisieae: Mutisiinae (including Gochnatiinae) and Nassauviinae. We have infonnation for members of 22 genera of Mutisieae and seven genera of Barnadesioideae. Numbers of species and distributional ranges come from Bremer (1994) unless stated otherwise. Adenocaulon: This genus consists of five (Bittmann, 1990a, b; Bremer, 1994) species variously distributed in western North America, Chile, and eastern Asia (Mabberley, 1987; Bittmann, 1990a, b). Its distribution is quite broad for a genus of such small size, and its morphology makes tribal (and subtribal) placement uncertain (Hansen, 1991). Even the possession of cortical vascular bundles (Karrfalt, 1975) is unusual (although not unique) within the family. Recent macromolecular sequence investigations with the ndhF gene (Kim and Jansen, 1995b), however, reveal Adenocaulon to belong in Mutisieae near Mutisia (with some uncertainty; see Fig. 2-7). The only flavonoid chemistry of which we are aware is our finding (Bohm, unpubl.) of kaempferol and quercetin 3-0-mono- and 3-0-diglycosides in A. bicolor. Aphyllocladus: Aphyllocladus consists of five species distributed in Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. The only flavonoid data available appear to be the report of apigenin in A. denticulatus by Maldonado et al. (1988b).
B. Bohm et al., Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae) © Springer-Verlag Wien 2001
Flavonoids of Mutisieae and Barnadesiinae
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Dicoma: There are about 65 species in Dicoma most of which are distributed in southern and tropical Africa with representatives in Madagascar. Dicoma anomala subsp. anomala was shown to accumulate scutellarein (5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) and cirsimaritin (5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7dimethoxyflavone) along with sesquiterpene lactones (Zdero and Bohlmann, 1990a). Dolichlasium: According to Cabrera (1977), Mabberley (1987), and Bremer (1994), Dolichlasium consists of a single species from the central Andes of Argentina. 5,7-Dihydroxyflavanone (pinocembrin) and naringenin have been reported from D. lagascae (Zdero et aI., 1986b). Guerreiro (1989) reported 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,3'-d
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