Flexural Response of Pile Foundation in Liquefiable Soil Using Finite-Difference Formulation Following Pseudostatic Appr
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Flexural Response of Pile Foundation in Liquefiable Soil Using Finite-Difference Formulation Following Pseudostatic Approach Rahul Sinha1
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Rajib Sarkar1
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J. S. Rajeswari1
Received: 31 December 2019 / Accepted: 27 April 2020 Ó Indian Geotechnical Society 2020
Abstract The collapse of pile-supported structures, especially in liquefiable soils, is still a major concern to the geotechnical earthquake engineers. In the last few decades, extensive research has been carried out to analyse the behaviour of pile foundations under seismic conditions. However, there are only a few codal provisions that take into account the effects of liquefaction and liquefactioninduced ground movement considering the developments made so far. The prime objective of this paper is to stipulate a simplified methodology to assess the flexural response of a pile foundation under liquefied ground conditions considering the latest developments. In this study, a finite-difference-based formulation is devised to analyse the flexural response of a single pile foundation. The formulation is capable of evaluating the performance of the pile foundation under both the inertial and kinematic loading conditions through the pseudostatic approach. The implemented formulation has been validated with the established theoretical method, field test results and one past case history. Moreover, a detailed systematic investigation is presented for the evaluation of the flexural response of a single pile foundation embedded in a liquefiable site in Patna city, India, considering recently developed bending and buckling criteria in tandem. It is highlighted in the study that the bending and buckling & Rajib Sarkar [email protected] Rahul Sinha [email protected] J. S. Rajeswari [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad 826004, India
collapse mechanism may be avoided by suitable selection of geometric configurations of pile ignoring the frictional resistance in the liquefaction zone. Keywords Pile foundation Liquefaction Flexural response Pseudostatic analysis
Introduction Pile foundations are the most widely used type of deep foundations in seismically active areas prone to liquefaction and liquefaction-induced ground movement, i.e. lateral spreading. Despite employing a large factor of safety (FOS), failures of pile foundations were observed during past moderate to strong earthquakes (Dash et al. [1]). Damages to pile foundations during the 1964 Niigata earthquake and the 1995 Kobe earthquake are the subject of investigations for the last few decades. Pioneering studies by Hamada [2], Ishihara [3], etc., added significantly in the state of the art of the performance of piles under liquefying soil conditions. Lateral spreading inducing bending failure was identified as the root cause of pile foundation failure by National Research Council [4]. Hamada [5] also concluded that the lateral displacement of a non-liquefied layer above a liquefied layer can be
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