Flow and Combustion in Reciprocating Engines
This volume investigates and describes flow and combustion processes in diesel and gasoline engines. It consists of eight chapters written by world experts from industry, government laboratories and academia. Each of the chapters is self-contained and, th
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Series Editors Prof. R.J. Adrian Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering ECG 346 P.O. Box 876106 Tempe, AZ 85287-6106 USA
Prof. M. Gharib California Institute of Technology Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 205-45 Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
Prof. Dr. W. Merzkirch Universit¨at Essen Lehrstuhl f¨ur Str¨omungslehre Sch¨utzenbahn 70 45141 Essen Germany
Prof. Dr. D. Rockwell Lehigh University Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Packard Lab. 19 Memorial Drive West Bethlehem, PA 18015-3085 USA
Prof. J.H. Whitelaw Imperial College Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Exhibition Road London SW7 2BX UK
C. Arcoumanis · T. Kamimoto Editors
Flow and Combustion in Reciprocating Engines
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Prof. C. Arcoumanis City University London School of Engineering & Mathematical Sciences Northampton Square London EC1V 0HB United Kingdom [email protected]
ISBN: 978-3-540-64142-1
Prof. T. Kamimoto Tokai University Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 1117 Kitakaname Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa Japan [email protected]
e-ISBN: 978-3-540-68901-0
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008926729 c 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMX Design GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
Introduction
The internal combustion engine fuelled by mainly gasoline and diesel has been the dominant powerplant for well over 100 years. Although the continuation of its dominance worldwide has been questioned by environmentalists, who see cars threatening the planet’s climate through the effect of CO2 on global warming, and by some engineers who have been overoptimistic about the potential, and the timing of introduction of fuel cells and electric vehicles into mass production, the reciprocating engine is here to stay for the foreseeable future. The key to its success has been its continuous re-invention into more efficient and cleaner modes of combustion, the on-going development and refinement of catalytic converters and the successful partnership between engines, transmissions and electric systems. Another interesting development is the different approach of automotive engineers in the various continents; for example, Eur
