Flows in Polymers, Reinforced Polymers and Composites A Multi-Scale
This book gives a detailed and practical introduction to complex flows of polymers and reinforced polymers as well as the flow of simple fluids in complex microstructures.Over the last decades, an increasing number of functional and structural parts, made
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Christophe Binetruy Francisco Chinesta Roland Keunings
Flows in Polymers, Reinforced Polymers and Composites A Multi-Scale Approach 123
SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8884
Christophe Binetruy Francisco Chinesta Roland Keunings •
Flows in Polymers, Reinforced Polymers and Composites A Multi-Scale Approach
123
Christophe Binetruy Ecole Centrale de Nantes Nantes France
Roland Keunings Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
Francisco Chinesta UMR CNRS Ecole Centrale de Nantes Nantes France
ISSN 2191-530X ISSN 2191-5318 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology ISBN 978-3-319-16756-5 ISBN 978-3-319-16757-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-16757-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015934680 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © The Author(s) 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
To Anne-Claire, Ofelia and Françoise
Preface
Over the last decades, an increasing number of functional and structural parts, made so far with metals, has been progressively reengineered by replacing metallic materials by polymers, reinforced polymers, and composites. The motivation for this substitution may be the weight reduction, the simpler, cheaper or faster forming process, or the ability to exploit additional functionalities. The fillers usually employed cover a broad range involving many scales: (i) the nanometer scale (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, nanodiamonds); (ii) the micrometer to the millimeter scale (particles and short fibers); (iii) the centimeter scale of fibers used in SMC and BMC composite processes; and finally (iv) the macroscopic scale where fibrous reinforcements are made of continuous fibers arranged in bundles. When load-bearing capacities are especially looked f
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