Fluctuating water level effects on soil greenhouse gas emissions of returning farmland to wetland
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SOILS, SEC 1 • SOIL ORGANIC MATTER DYNAMICS AND NUTRIENT CYCLING • RESEARCH ARTICLE
Fluctuating water level effects on soil greenhouse gas emissions of returning farmland to wetland Tianbao Zhang 1,2,3 & Xiaohui Liu 1,2,3 & Yu An 1,2,3 Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Future climate change is predicted to have an important impact on regional precipitation patterns. Water level is an important factor influencing soil greenhouse gas emissions. However, the effect of small-scale water level fluctuations on soil greenhouse gas emissions from returning farmland to wetlands has been little studied. Materials and methods We collected soils of three lands from returning farmland to wetland with different restoration years and a natural wetland at the Honghe National Nature Reserve in Sanjiang Plain, China. Through indoor simulation experiments, we explored the characteristics of soil greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions under fluctuating water levels. Results and discussion When the water level fluctuated between − 8 and 8 cm, the CO2 and N2O emissions decreased as the water level increased, but the CH4 emissions were highest when water level fluctuated between − 3 and 3 cm. The CH4 emissions tended to increase as laboratory time extended. Different gases react differently to water level fluctuations. The CO2 emissions contributed 78.90–96.48% of the total global warming potential of the GHG emissions. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that during the process of returning farmland to wetland, more attention should be paid to the effects of CO2 emissions. An appropriately raised water level can effectively suppress the global warming potential of greenhouse gas emissions. Keywords Returning farmland to wetland . Greenhouse gas emissions . Fluctuating water level . Global warming potential
1 Introduction Wetlands provide important ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, nutrient retention, and flood protection, but they are also important sources of greenhouse gas emissions (Tian et al. 2015). According to the Fifth Assessment Report issued by the IPCC, the three greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, and N2O contributed a total of 80% of the global Editorial Responsibility: Weixin Ding * Xiaohui Liu [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountains Wetland and Ecology, Changchun 130102, China
atmospheric radiation intensity (IPCC 2013). Since the twentieth century, the global wetland area has lost more than 50% (Davidson 2014). Anthropogenic drainage and agricultural reclamation are the main reasons (Junk et al. 2013; Miettinen et al. 2017). Wetland is converted into farmland through drainage, which results in more greenhouse gas emissions and exacerbates the
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