Biogeochemical transformation of greenhouse gas emissions from terrestrial to atmospheric environment and potential feed
- PDF / 1,908,344 Bytes
- 24 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 51 Downloads / 170 Views
REVIEW ARTICLE
Biogeochemical transformation of greenhouse gas emissions from terrestrial to atmospheric environment and potential feedback to climate forcing Awais Shakoor 1
&
Fatima Ashraf 2 & Saba Shakoor 3 & Adnan Mustafa 4 & Abdul Rehman 5 & Muhammad Mohsin Altaf 6
Received: 10 May 2020 / Accepted: 15 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) is mainly universal greenhouse gas associated with climate change. However, beyond CO2, some other greenhouse gases (GHGs) like methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), being two notable gases, contribute to global warming. Since 1900, the concentrations of CO2 and non-CO2 GHG emissions have been elevating, and due to the effects of the previous industrial revolution which is responsible for climate forcing. Globally, emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O from agricultural sectors are increasing as around 1% annually. Moreover, deforestation also contributes 12–17% of total global GHGs. Perhaps, the average temperature is likely to increase globally, at least 2 °C by 2100—by mid-century. These circumstances are responsible for climate forcing, which is the source of various human health diseases and environmental risks. From agricultural soils, rhizospheric microbial communities have a significant role in the emissions of greenhouse gases. Every year, microbial communities release approximately 1.5–3 billion tons of carbon into the atmospheric environment. Microbial nitrification, denitrification, and respiration are the essential processes that affect the nitrogen cycle in the terrestrial environment. In the twenty-first century, climate change is the major threat faced by human beings. Climate change adversely influences human health to cause numerous diseases due to their direct association with climate change. This review highlights the different anthropogenic GHG emission sources, the response of microbial communities to climate change, climate forcing potential, and mitigation strategies through different agricultural management approaches and microbial communities. Keywords Carbon dioxide greenhouse gas . Carbon sequestration . Non-CO2 greenhouse gases . Soil microbes . Human health . Mitigation
Introduction Agriculture has been considered the first evidence point of human-caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmospheric environment (Paustian et al. 2016). Globally, the
higher concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) GHSs and non-CO2 GHSs, such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) in the atmosphere, is due to climate changes (Jiang et al. 2016). As an industrial era started, the global concentration of CO2 and non-CO2 GHGs has been increased due to
Responsible Editor: Gerhard Lammel * Awais Shakoor [email protected] 1
Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
2
Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
3
Department of Zoology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
4
Data Loading...
