Forage availability in a silvopastoral system having different densities of Leucaena leucocephala under Voisin grazing m
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Forage availability in a silvopastoral system having different densities of Leucaena leucocephala under Voisin grazing management Iva´n Azuara-Morales . Silvia Lo´pez-Ortiz . Jesu´s Jarillo-Rodrı´guez . Ponciano Pe´rez-Herna´ndez . Eusebio Ortega-Jime´nez . Epigmenio Castillo-Gallegos
Received: 14 June 2019 / Accepted: 11 February 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Available forage biomass, botanical and forage chemical compositions, stocking rates, and resting times of plants after grazing were assessed in a silvopastoral system (using Voisin grazing) having 15,000 (D15) and 25,000 Leucaena leucocephala trees ha-1 (D25), associated with Digitaria eriantha. A randomized complete block design with two replicates was used. Biomass samples were collected from July 2017 to July 2018, when grass (during rainy and transition seasons) and trees (during the dry season) achieved their optimal resting points and sheep grazed paddocks (stock density: 34–204 AU ha-1 according to season). Biomass yield was higher in D25 (15,958 ± 1190 kg DM ha-1, p \ 0.05) with higher carrying capacity (2.93 ± 0.43 AU ha-1 year-1). Yield fluctuated over time (p \ 0.0001) with greater biomass (p \ 0.05) during the rainy (up to 3722 ± 121 kg DM ha-1), than in the transition (1800 ± 121 kg DM ha-1) and dry seasons
I. Azuara-Morales S. Lo´pez-Ortiz (&) P. Pe´rez-Herna´ndez E. Ortega-Jime´nez Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Veracruz, Km 88.5 Carretera Federal Xalapa-Veracruz, Municipio Manlio Fabio Altamirano, C.P. 91690 Veracruz, Mexico e-mail: [email protected] J. Jarillo-Rodrı´guez E. Castillo-Gallegos Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, CEIEGT, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Me´xico, Km 5.5 Carretera Federal Martı´nez de la Torre-Tlapacoyan, Municipio Tlapacoyan, C.P. 93600 Veracruz, Mexico
(511 ± 121 kg DM ha-1). Between 59 and 65% of the biomass was grass during the transitional and rainy seasons, while during the dry season, 100% of the biomass was from the trees and crude protein was greater in trees (24%) than in grass (10%) biomass. Rest periods for the paddocks varied according to grazing season (from 31 to 120 days). Higher tree density increased forage biomass and yield in the silvopastoral system, which was maintained throughout the year even with seasonal precipitation because the trees sustained growth for an extended period during the year. Keywords Forage Botanical composition Stock density Seasonality
Introduction In tropical regions of Mexico, livestock production depends on the grazing of native and introduced grasses, and the highly seasonal precipitation in these areas leads to prolonged dry seasons that limit forage growth for nearly 8 months (Valles et al. 1992; Bautista-Tolentino et al. 2011). In addition, extensive grazing is practiced with irregular and extensive occupation and recovery periods, causing overgrazing and scarcity of forage supply. Improved pasture management must include extending forage production beyond the rainy sea
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