Forever young: the key to rejuvenation during gametogenesis
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MINI-REVIEW
Forever young: the key to rejuvenation during gametogenesis Bailey A. Koch‑Bojalad1,2 · Lauren Carson1 · Hong‑Guo Yu1 Received: 23 October 2020 / Revised: 9 November 2020 / Accepted: 12 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Cell aging is the result of deteriorating competence in maintaining cellular homeostasis and quality control. Certain cell types are able to rejuvenate through asymmetric cell division by excluding aging factors, including damaged cellular compartments and extrachromosomal rDNA circles, from entering the daughter cell. Recent findings from the budding yeast S. cerevisiae have shown that gametogenesis represents another type of cellular rejuvenation. Gametes, whether produced by an old or a young mother cell, are granted a renewed replicative lifespan through the formation of a fifth nuclear compartment that sequesters the harmful senescence factors accumulated by the mother. Here, we describe the importance and mechanism of cellular remodeling at the nuclear envelope mediated by ESCRT-III and the LEM-domain proteins, with a focus on nuclear pore biogenesis and chromatin interaction during gamete rejuvenation. Keywords ESCRT-III · LEM-domain · Nuclear pore complex · Replicative lifespan · Meiosis
Introduction A hallmark of aging is the progressive accumulation of cellular damage. Age-induced damage is caused by a decrease in cellular homeostasis and protein quality control, affecting both the chronological age of the cell and its replicative lifespan (Longo et al. 2012). While the occurrence of self-renewal and rejuvenation has been well documented for a variety of cell types, the cellular mechanisms utilized to mitigate the effects of aging are not fully understood. Recent work in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae has begun to shine a light on these fundamental processes. A crucial determinant in reducing the effects of cellular aging is proper trafficking across the nuclear envelope which forms a selective barrier between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm (Ungricht and Kutay 2015). The semipermeable barrier provided by the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which are embedded within the nuclear envelope, Communicated by M.Kupiec. * Hong‑Guo Yu [email protected] 1
Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
2
aids in maintaining nuclear integrity and nuclear envelope homeostasis (Beck and Hurt 2017; Kim et al. 2018). In budding yeast, malformed NPCs accumulate in the Storage of Improperly Assembled Nuclear pore Complexes compartment, called the SINC (Webster et al. 2014). The SINC is not passed on to daughter cells but instead remains with the mother during mitosis, which is asymmetric in budding yeast (Colombi et al. 2013; Makio et al. 2013; Webster et al. 2014). Consequently, the daughter cell is born with a renewed replicative lifespan while the mother ages, accumul
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