Plant rejuvenation: from phenotypes to mechanisms
- PDF / 977,992 Bytes
- 14 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 96 Downloads / 233 Views
REVIEW
Plant rejuvenation: from phenotypes to mechanisms Zijie Zhang1 · Yuhan Sun1 · Yun Li1 Received: 11 June 2020 / Revised: 28 July 2020 / Accepted: 1 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Plant rejuvenation refers to the reversal of the adult phase in plants and the recovery of part or all of juvenile plant characteristics. The growth and reproductive vitality of plants can be increased after rejuvenation. In recent years, research has successfully reversed the development clock in plants by certain methods; created rejuvenated plants and revealed the basic rules of plant morphology, physiology and reproduction. Here, we reconstitute the changes at the morphological and macromolecular levels, including those in RNA, phytohormones and DNA, during plant rejuvenation. In addition, the characteristics of plant phase changes that can be used as references for plant rejuvenation are also summarized. We further propose possible mechanisms for plant rejuvenation, methods for reversing plant development and problems that should be avoided. Overall, this study highlights the physiological and molecular events involved in plant rejuvenation. Keywords Plant rejuvenation · Phytohormones · Small RNAs · DNA methylation · Artificial methods Abbreviations ABA Abscisic acid GA3 Gibberellin 3 GA4 Gibberellin 4 H3K4me3 Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation H3K27me3 Histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation IAA Indole-3-acetic acid IBA 4-(Indolyl)-butyric acid lncRNA Long noncoding RNA miRNA MicroRNA RAGs Rejuvenation-associated genes RA-sRNAs Rejuvenation-associated small RNAs SBP Squamosa promoter binding protein SPL SBP-LIKE sRNAs Small RNAs ZR Zeatin riboside
Communicated by Neal Stewart. * Yun Li [email protected] 1
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory For Tree Breeding, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
Introduction After seed germination, the life cycle of plants continues from juvenile to adult stages and then to reproduction. Plants that reach the adult or reproductive stage can regain their juvenile characteristics through rejuvenation. Juvenile plants have many advantages in growth vitality, which is of great significance for the application of plants, especially for perennial woody plants. Rejuvenation can be achieved by artificial methods, such as in vitro micropropagation, repeated grafting, severe pruning, and gene transfer (Davenport 2006; Greenwood 1987; Hammatt and Grant 1993; Massoumi et al. 2017). Plants can also spontaneously undergo rejuvenation under the natural regulation of the microclimate (Mirschel et al. 2011). In recent years, the rules of plant growth and development have become better understood (Wu et al. 2009) (Fig. 1). As the reverse process of programmed development, the understandi
Data Loading...
