Formation evaluation and reservoir characteristics of the Messinian Abu Madi sandstones in Faraskour Gas Field, onshore
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Formation evaluation and reservoir characteristics of the Messinian Abu Madi sandstones in Faraskour Gas Field, onshore Nile Delta, Egypt Mahmoud Leila1 · Ali Eslam1 · Asmaa Abu El‑Magd1 · Lobna Alwaan1 · Ahmed Elgendy1 Received: 6 August 2020 / Accepted: 19 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The Messinian Abu Madi Formation represents the most prospective reservoir target in the Nile Delta. Hydrocarbon exploration endeavors in Nile Delta over the last few decades highlighted some uncertainties related to the predictability and distribution of the Abu Madi best reservoir quality facies. Therefore, this study aims at delineating the factors controlling the petrophysical heterogeneity of the Abu Madi reservoir facies in Faraskour Field, northeastern onshore part of the Nile Delta. This work provides the very first investigation on the reservoir properties of Abu Madi succession outside the main canyon system. In the study area, Abu Madi reservoir is subdivided into two sandstone units (lower fluvial and upper estuarine). Compositionally, quartzose sandstones (quartz > 65%) are more common in the fluvial unit, whereas the estuarine sandstones are often argillaceous (clays > 15%) and glauconitic (glauconite > 10%). The sandstones were classified into four reservoir rock types (RRTI, RRTII, RRTIII, and RRTIV) having different petrophysical characteristics and fluid flow properties. RRTI hosts the quartzose sandstones characterized by mega pore spaces (R35 > 45 µm) and a very well-connected, isotropic pore system. On the other side, RRTIV constitutes the lowest reservoir quality argillaceous sandstones containing meso- and micro-sized pores (R35 > 5 µm) and a pore system dominated by dead ends. Irreducible water saturation increases steadily from RRTI (Swir ~ 5%) to RRTIV (Swir > 20%). Additionally, the gas–water two-phase co-flowing characteristics decrease significantly from RRTI to RRTIV facies. The gaseous hydrocarbons will be able to flow in RRTI facies even at water saturation values exceeding 90%. On the other side, the gas will not be able to displace water in RRTIV sandstones even at water saturation values as low as 40%. Similarly, the influence of confining pressure on porosity and permeability destruction significantly increases from RRTI to RRTIV. Accordingly, RRTI facies are the best reservoir targets and have high potentiality for primary porosity preservation. Keywords Messinian · Abu Madi · Nile Delta · Reservoir · Petrophysics · Reservoir rock typing
Introduction The Nile Delta with its recent giant onshore and offshore gas discoveries (e.g., Zohr, Noras) is currently proven as the most prolific gas province in North Africa (e.g., Esestime et al. 2016). The main reservoir targets in the Nile Delta range in age from Oligocene to Late Pliocene. The occurrence of many mature source rocks (Jurassic to Early Miocene), as well as the availability of structural and stratigraphic traps, enhanced the potentiality for prospective hydrocarbon accumulations in t
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