Small-scale diagenetic facies heterogeneity controls porosity and permeability pattern in reservoir sandstones
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THEMATIC ISSUE
Small‑scale diagenetic facies heterogeneity controls porosity and permeability pattern in reservoir sandstones Matthias Heidsiek1 · Christoph Butscher2 · Philipp Blum3 · Cornelius Fischer1,4 Received: 14 February 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The fluvial-aeolian Upper Rotliegend sandstones from the Bebertal outcrop (Flechtingen High, Germany) are the famous reservoir analog for the deeply buried Upper Rotliegend gas reservoirs of the Southern Permian Basin. While most diagenetic and reservoir quality investigations are conducted on a meter scale, there is an emerging consensus that significant reservoir heterogeneity is inherited from diagenetic complexity at smaller scales. In this study, we utilize information about diagenetic products and processes at the pore- and plug-scale and analyze their impact on the heterogeneity of porosity, permeability, and cement patterns. Eodiagenetic poikilitic calcite cements, illite/iron oxide grain coatings, and the amount of infiltrated clay are responsible for mm- to cm-scale reservoir heterogeneities in the Parchim formation of the Upper Rotliegend sandstones. Using the Petrel E&P software platform, spatial fluctuations and spatial variations of permeability, porosity, and calcite cements are modeled and compared, offering opportunities for predicting small-scale reservoir rock properties based on diagenetic constraints. Keywords Sandstone diagenesis · Calcite cement · Reservoir quality · High-resolution diagenetic modeling · Upper Rotliegend sandstone
Introduction
This article is a part of the Topical Collection in Environmental Earth Sciences on “Sustainable Utilization of Geosystems” guest edited by Ulf Hünken, Peter Dietrich and Olaf Kolditz. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09168-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Cornelius Fischer [email protected] 1
University of Bremen, FB Geowissenschaften, Klagenfurter Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
2
TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Geotechnics, Gustav‑Zeuner‑Str. 1, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
3
KIT, Institute of Applied Geosciences (AGW), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
4
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institut für Ressourcenökologie, Abt. Reaktiver Transport, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Understanding diagenetic processes and their effect on porosity and permeability distribution and heterogeneity has been an important research topic for several decades (e.g., Bjørlykke and Jahren 2012). This research was, and is, largely driven by the petroleum industry, but it is also important for the evaluation of alternative energy solutions, such as geothermal reservoirs and gas storage. Failure to recognize diagenetic effects on porosity and permeability can lead to large errors in reservoir volume estimation and can influence production strategies and rates (e.g., Ajdukiewicz and Lander 2010). The last decades of res
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