Formation of correlated states and tunneling for a low energy and controlled pulsed action on particles
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MOLECULES, OPTICS
Formation of Correlated States and Tunneling for a Low Energy and Controlled Pulsed Action on Particles V. I. Vysotskii* and M. V. Vysotskyy Taras Shevchenko National University, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine *e-mail: [email protected] Received February 16, 2017
Abstract—We consider a method for optimizing the tunnel effect for low-energy particles by using coherent correlated states formed under controllable pulsed action on these particles. Typical examples of such actions are the effect of a pulsed magnetic field on charged particles in a gas or plasma. Coherent correlated states are characterized most comprehensively by the correlation coefficient r(t); an increase of this factor elevates the probability of particle tunneling through a high potential barrier by several orders of magnitude without an appreciable increase in their energy. It is shown for the first time that the formation of coherent correlated states, as well as maximal |r(t)|max and time-averaged 〈|r(t)|〉 amplitudes of the correlation coefficient and the corresponding tunneling probability are characterized by a nonmonotonic (oscillating) dependence on the forming pulse duration and amplitude. This result makes it possible to optimize experiments on the realization of low-energy nuclear fusion and demonstrates the incorrectness of the intuitive idea that the tunneling probability always increases with the amplitude of an external action on a particle. Our conclusions can be used, in particular, for explaining random (unpredictable and low-repeatability) experimental results on optimization of energy release from nuclear reactions occurring under a pulsed action with fluctuations of the amplitude and duration. We also consider physical premises for the observed dependences and obtain optimal relations between the aforementioned parameters, which ensure the formation of an optimal coherent correlated state and optimal low-energy tunneling in various physical systems with allowance for the dephasing action of a random force. The results of theoretical analysis are compared with the data of successful experiments on the generation of neutrons and alpha particles in an electric discharge in air and gaseous deuterium. DOI: 10.1134/S106377611707024X
1. INTRODUCTION The realization of nuclear processes with lowenergy charged particles is one of topical problems in modern physics. Huge difficulties in the realization of controlled thermonuclear fusion stimulate the search for alternative methods of overcoming the Coulomb potential barrier taking into account the specific quantum-mechanical behavior of particles in real potential wells without their heating to high temperatures or acceleration to high energies. The results of numerous investigations [1–14] show that such an alternative may involve the use of the coherent correlated state (CCS) of at lest one of interacting particles, which is a specially organized mutually phased version of the superposition state. One of the main advantages of CCS is the mutual enhancement (structural inter
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