Formation of solitonic bound state via light-matter interaction
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THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D
Regular Article
Formation of solitonic bound state via light-matter interaction Priyam Das1,a , Ayan Khan2,b , and Anirban Pathak3,c 1 2 3
Department of Physics, Bankura Sammilani College, Kenduadihi, Bankura 722101, India Department of Physics, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida 201310, India Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201309, India Received 1 May 2020 / Received in final form 5 July 2020 / Accepted 14 September 2020 Published online 13 October 2020 c EDP Sciences / Societ`
a Italiana di Fisica / Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature, 2020 Abstract. Exchange of energy by means of light-matter interaction provides a new dimension to various nonlinear dynamical systems. Here, the effects of light-matter interaction are investigated for a situation, where two counter-propagating, orthogonally polarized laser pulses are incident on the atomic condensate. It is observed that a localized laser pulse profile can induce localized modes in Bose-Einstein condensate. A stability analysis performed using Vakhitov-Kolokolov-like criterion has established that these localized modes are stable, when the atom-atom interaction is repulsive. The cooperative effects of light-matter interactions and atom-atom interactions on the Lieb-mode have been studied in the stable region through atomic dispersion, revealing the signature of bound state formation when the optical potential is P¨ oschlTeller type. The energy diagram also indicates a continuous transfer of energy from the laser pulses to the atoms as the light-matter interaction changes its sign.
1 Introduction Matter-field interaction is in the heart of spectroscopy and quantum mechanics, Rayleigh scattering to Raman effect, Eddington’s experimental verification of the general theory of relativity to the recent detection of gravitational waves in LIGO, all are manifestations of matter-field interaction. This is why matter-field interaction has drawn considerable attention of the scientific community since long. In fact, it has also played a fundamental role in the development of quantum mechanics. Specifically, photoelectric effect and Compton effect are two nice examples of matter-filed interaction that played a pivotal role in the development of quantum physics. Later, the interest on matter-field interaction received a boost when laser was discovered in 1960s. Invention of laser helped us to develop new fields like nonlinear optics, quantum optics and atom optics, and thus to reveal true power and beauty of matter-field interaction through the appearance of several new phenomena (cf. [1], and references therein). In fact, the advent of laser also helped in the experimental realization of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) as laser played a pivotal role in cooling and trapping [2]. It also helped in realizing ultra-cold gases and super solids and thus opened up a domain of recent interest where one studies interaction of light with ultra-cold mat
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