FROG-MAC: A Fragmentation Based MAC Scheme for Prioritized Heterogeneous Traffic in Wireless Sensor Networks
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FROG‑MAC: A Fragmentation Based MAC Scheme for Prioritized Heterogeneous Traffic in Wireless Sensor Networks Anwar Ahmed Khan1 · Shama Siddiqui2 · Sayeed Ghani1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In most scenarios of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), different traffic types have specific service requirements. None of the previous MAC schemes has been able to provide true pre-emption to the high priority data. This paper introduced a novel data fragmentation scheme for low priority traffic in order to improve the delay performance of high priority traffic in WSN. It is proposed that instead of transmitting the low priority packet as a single unit, it should be transmitted in small fragments with pauses. A MAC protocol FROGMAC has been designed based on the proposed fragmentation scheme. Simulations over Contiki operating system and testbed experiments over TelosB/Tmote Sky Platform have been performed to evaluate performance of FROG-MAC based on parameters of delay and throughput/packet delivery ratio (PDR). It has been found that FROG-MAC improves the delay and throughput of urgent traffic by reducing its waiting time. For increase in the fragment size, the delay of urgent traffic increases, whereas that of normal traffic reduces. With the increasing network size, the delay for both traffic types increases, and PDR reduces due to the increased network traffic load, collision and retransmissions. The performance of FROG-MAC has also been compared against energy-efficient multi-constrained QoS aware MAC. Keywords Heterogeneous · Urgent · Pre-emptive · Delay
* Anwar Ahmed Khan [email protected] Shama Siddiqui [email protected] Sayeed Ghani [email protected] 1
Faculty of Computer Science, Institute of Business Administration, Garden, Shaheed Kiyani Road, Karachi, Pakistan
2
Department of Computer Science, DHA Suffa University, Phase 7, Defence Housing Authority, Karachi, Pakistan
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1 Introduction Wireless sensor networks (WSN) comprise of tiny devices capable of sensing, computing and communicating the parameters of interest [1]. With the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the application areas of WSN have been rapidly broadening. Advanced applications of WSN such as healthcare [2], industrial automation and control [3], vehicular ad hoc networks [4], smart homes [5] and smart cities [6] often deal with heterogeneous data. In most application scenarios, different traffic types have specific service and priority requirements in terms of delay tolerance, throughput, bandwidth efficiency and reliability. This implies that WSN nodes should be able to categorize each type of data based on the required priority level. The data generated from each sensor should be assessed for its priority level in comparison to all the other traffic in the system. Subsequently, the non-delay-tolerant traffic should be prioritized, due to requiring urgent channel access [7]. In case the priority scheme is not implemented efficien
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