FTA-MAC: Fast Traffic Adaptive Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
This paper presents the FTA-MAC (Fast Traffic Adaptive MAC) protocol, a novel energy-efficient MAC protocol based on asynchronous duty cycling for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In FTA-MAC protocol, the communication between the sensor nodes is initiate
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stract. This paper presents the FTA-MAC (Fast Traffic Adaptive MAC) protocol, a novel energy-efficient MAC protocol based on asynchronous duty cycling for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In FTAMAC protocol, the communication between the sensor nodes is initiated by sending a wake-up beacon from the receiving node. The latter fast adapts its wake-up interval according to the traffic rate in order to reduce the idle listening of the transmitting nodes, which results in reducing the energy consumption. FTA-MAC protocol is implemented and evaluated in OMNeT++/Mixim network simulator. Simulation results show that FTA-MAC outperforms state-of-the-art protocols under fixed and variable traffic rates and also with multiple concurrent nodes. Thanks to this better wake-up schedule, the lifetime of a sensor node is increased 1.5 to 2 times. Keywords: Energy-efficient MAC protocol sensor networks · Wake-up interval
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Introduction
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) received tremendous attention in recent years because of the evolution of sensor devices as well as wireless communication technologies. The sensor devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) [1] can be used to enable remote health monitoring, emergency notification or other observation systems. A problem of such sensor devices is the limited lifetime because of the limitation of the battery capacity. To tackle this problem, one solution is to use an energy efficient protocol to control the behavior of each device in the network. Another challenge in these systems is to deal with variable traffic that can appear in applications such as remote health monitoring. In this type of systems, the sensor nodes are used to monitor the patient physiological parameters such as pulse rate, body temperature, etc., which are periodically transmitted to the center node (e.g. a smart phone). However when the observed patient changes its activity, the sensor nodes can also modify their data rate. Therefore, a new communication management mechanisms are required allowing these devices to adapt with respect to the variable traffic. c ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2016 D. Noguet et al. (Eds.): CROWNCOM 2016, LNICST 172, pp. 207–219, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40352-6 17
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The Medium Access Control (MAC) layer allows a sensor node to efficiently share the wireless medium with others in the network. In this layer, the main causes of energy consumption are the idle listening, the overheads, the overhearing and the collisions [2]. Thus, in order to reduce the energy, these factors need to be optimized but there are trade-offs between them. For example, reducing idle listening and collisions requires extra synchronization and overheads, whereas reducing the synchronization and overheads causes the waste of energy in collisions. In the context of energy-efficient MAC protocols, an important mechanism for reducing the energy consumption is duty cycling. In this technique, the radio is turned
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