Functional Independence in the Community Dwelling Older People: a Scoping Review
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Functional Independence in the Community Dwelling Older People: a Scoping Review E. A. L. M. Molenaar 1,2 & J. A. Barten 1 & S. te Velde 1 & L. van der Schoot 3 & N. Bleijenberg 4,5 & N. J. de Wit 4,5 & C. Veenhof 1,2,5 Received: 19 November 2019 / Accepted: 5 November 2020/ # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Ageing potentially poses a threat to independent functioning of older adults. Although clinicians commonly focus on physical factors limiting Functional Independence (FI), it is likely that personal and environmental interactions also seem important to maintain FI. Herewith, FI exceeds several professional borders and calls for a uniform, multidisciplinary interdisciplinary supported definition of FI. This study aims to provide such a definition of FI in community dwelling older people. A scoping review was performed. Pubmed/Medline, Psychinfo and CINAHL were searched for studies describing aspects of FI. A literature-based definition of FI was discussed by experts (n = 7), resulting in a formulated final definition of FI and insight into contributing factors to FI. A multidisciplinairy focusgroup a stakeholder consultation (n = 15) ensured clinical relevance for daily practice. Data from the focusgroup stakeholder consultation were analyzed by using Atlas.ti (version 8). Based on the literature search, 25 studies were included. FI was finally defined as “Functioning physically safely and independent from another person, within one’s own context”. The contributing factors of FI comprised physical capacity combined with coping, empowerment and health literacy. Moreover, the level of FI is influenced by someone’s own context. This study confirms the relevance of the physical aspect of FI, but additionally stresses the importance of psychological factors. In addition, this study shows that one’s context may affect the level of FI as well. This underlines the importance of a holistic view and calls for multidisciplinary interdisciplinary collaboration in community-dwelling older people. Keywords Functional independence . Older adults . Independence . Interprofessional
relations . Patient centered care . Prevention . Holistic care
* E. A. L. M. Molenaar [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
E. A. L. M. Molenaar et al.
Introduction Ageing and the accompanying long-term diseases in the older population potentially pose a threat to self-sufficient functioning of older adults in their own environment. Following a downward spiral, the progressive deterioration in physical capacity associated with ageing may lead to physical frailty and for instance a higher risk on falling. Subsequently, this physical decline causes limitations both in functional performance and (instrumental) daily life activities. In the end, someone’s ‘Functional Independence’ (FI), is at stake (Ardali et al. 2017; Clark and Manini 2010; Freedman et al. 2002). FI has been described as the ability of an individual to perform activities of daily living (Curzel et al. 2013). Several studies have sho
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