Functions of Public Health

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Wilhelm Kirch (Ed.)

Encyclopedia of Public Health

With 75 Figures and 86 Tables

123

Professor Dr. Dr. Wilhelm Kirch Network EUROlifestyle Research Association Public Health Saxony-Saxony Anhalt e.V. Medical Faculty University of Technology Fiedlerstr. 27 01307 Dresden, Germany [email protected]

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008927467

ISBN: 978-1-4020-5614-7 The print version of the whole set will be available under ISBN 978-1-4020-5613-0. The print and electronic bundle of the whole set will be available under ISBN 978-1-4020-5615-4. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. springer.com Editor: Bill Tucker, New York Development Editor: Sylvia Blago, Heidelberg Typesetting and Production: le-tex publishing services oHG, Leipzig Cover Design: Frido Steinen-Broo, Spain Printed on acid-free paper

SPIN: 11676553

2109 — 5 4 3 2 1 0

For Gabriele, Vanessa and Anne

Preface

Comme quelqu’un pourroit dire de moy que j’ay seulement faict icy un amas de fleurs estrangeres, n’y ayant fourny du mien que le filet à les lier. “Essais”, Livre III, Chapitre XIII Michel de Montaigne

Public Health is defined as health promotion by population related measures. This is in contrast to the aims of medicine with its diagnostics and therapy which focus on the individual patient’s health. Approaches to Public Health are apparently developing at different speeds in the various countries of the world. But there is a common feeling that the improved health of most of our people can only be achieved if aspects of prevention and health promotion are considered and practiced more successfully than curing the subjects’ symptoms and diseases. For the Encyclopedia of Public Health I have selected editors for the following fields. These I consider to be relevant disciplines for dealing with Public Health (in alphabetical order): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Biostatistics Dental Public Health Disaster Aftermath Epidemiology Ethics Family Health Health Behavior Health Care and Rehabilitation Health Economics (Burden of Disease) Health Information Health Management Health Policy

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.

Health Promotion Health Technology Assessment Indigenous People’s Health Infectious (transmissible) Diseases Migrant Health Nutrition and Physical Activity Occupati