Further studies on Contracaecum spasskii Mozgovoi, 1950 and C. rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 ( sensu lato ) (Ascaridida: Anis
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Further studies on Contracaecum spasskii Mozgovoi, 1950 and C. rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 (sensu lato) (Ascaridida: Anisakidae) from piscivorous birds in China Liang Li • Zhen Xu • Lu-Ping Zhang
Received: 28 September 2012 / Accepted: 15 November 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012
Abstract Contracaecum spasskii Mozgovoi, 1950, collected from the great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus (Linnaeus) (Podicipediformes: Podicipedidae), is redescribed using both light and, for the first time, scanning electron microscopy. Contracaecum spasskii differs from its congeners by having marked transverse cuticular annulations, the length of the oesophagus and spicules, the ratio between the intestinal caecum and the ventricular appendix, the number and arrangement of male caudal papillae, and especially by the particular morphology of the lips and interlabia. Some previously unreported morphological features of C. spasskii are also revealed and others corrected. Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 (sensu lato) is also redescribed based on the specimens collected from the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (Blumenbach) (Pelecaniformes: Phalacrocoracidae) from China. Based on the geographical perspective, the present Chinese material may represent the species C. rudolphii B.
L. Li (&) L.-P. Zhang College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, People’s of Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] Z. Xu College of Medical Science, Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, Hebei Province, People’s of Republic of China
Introduction The adults and fourth stage larvae of species of Contracaecum Railliet & Henry, 1912 commonly parasitise the digestive tract of piscivorous birds and marine mammals, and their third-stage larvae are found in various fishes and crustaceans (Huizinga, 1966; Køie & Fagerholm, 1995; Anderson, 2000; Moravec, 2009; Shamsi et al., 2009a, b; Garbin et al., 2007, 2008). With approximately 100 species described worldwide, according to Shamsi et al. (2009a), the genus Contracaecum is one of the largest groups in the family Anisakidae. Unfortunately, many of these species have been inadequately described and illustrations are often highly diagrammatic. This makes the differentiation of these species very difficult (Fagerholm & Gibson, 1987; Shamsi et al., 2009a). Further studies of these species using improved techniques, especially scanning electron microscopy and molecular tools, are key approaches which may help to solve this problem. In China, our present knowledge of Contracaecum spp. from piscivorous birds and marine mammals is still very limited, although 13 species have been reported by Xu (1957), Wu (1973), Wang (1965, 1984), Shen & Wu (1964, 1973), Shen (1981, 1982), Sarashina et al. (1987), Hu et al. (1997), Zhu et al. (2007) and Lin et al. (2012). Moreover, the validity of some of these species of Contracaecum reported from China is very much in doubt, because of the extraordinary morphological similarity in the species and t
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