Genetic Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato in Livestock and Human Isolates from North of Iran Indica
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Genetic Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato in Livestock and Human Isolates from North of Iran Indicates the Presence of E. ortleppi in Cattle Khadijeh Nematdoost1,2 · Keyhan Ashrafi2 · Bijan Majidi‑Shad2 · Eshrat Beigom Kia3 · Arash Zeinali4 · Meysam Sharifdini1,2 Received: 26 June 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 © Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Purpose Identification of different genotypes of echinococcal cyst in various domestic herbivores and humans within the target area was the principal aim of the present study, performed using sequence data of cox1 and nad1 mitochondrial genes. Methods A total of 57 cystic echinococcosis (CE) cysts were isolated from indigenous livestock including 45 cattle, 9 sheep and 3 goats from several slaughterhouses in Guilan Province. Moreover, 12 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) CE cyst tissues from humans were also included, obtained from the archives of several hospitals in Rasht, the capital of Guilan. Genetic sequencing was conducted using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes. Results Our results found that E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) and E. ortleppi were present in 92.7% and 7.2% isolates, respectively. E. granulosus s.s. (genotypes G1 and G3) and E. ortleppi were isolated from various livestock whereas all CE cysts isolated from humans were E. granulosus s.s. G1 genotype. Conclusion We found that E. granulosus s.s. G1 was the predominant genotype within the study region. This is the first study to report E. ortleppi in cattle in Iran. Keywords Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto · Echinococcus ortleppi · Genotype identification · cox1 · nad1 · Iran
Introduction Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is known to be an important zoonotic infection, caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus (E.) granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) distributed in different parts of the world. In endemic regions, it has high morbidity and mortality of rate in humans as well as significant * Meysam Sharifdini [email protected] 1
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
2
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
3
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4
Veterinary Head Office of Guilan Province, Rasht, Iran
economic losses of livestock [1]. Echinococcal cyst is the cause of decreased livestock production and condemnation of infected organs, such as liver and lung, in slaughter houses [2]. The adult worms reside in the intestine of carnivores, such as dogs, wolves, foxes, and jackals, while sheep, goats, cattle, camels, pigs, buffaloes, and horses as well as humans harbor the larval metacestode. The outcome of infection in the intermediate hosts is variable and depends on the genotype, involved organ, size, a
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