Future Low Carbon Options for Combustion Power Plants
Due to the ever-increasing energy demand and a strong reliance on coal, China has been working hard to identify options for diversifying its energy supply base. Meanwhile, China is also facing serious environmental problems brought about by rapidly increa
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Future Low Carbon Options for Combustion Power Plants
Due to the ever-increasing energy demand and a strong reliance on coal, China has been working hard to identify options for diversifying its energy supply base. Meanwhile, China is also facing serious environmental problems brought about by rapidly increasing urban waste generation associated with rapid urbanisation and burgeoning consumption levels. Waste-to-energy utilisation can ease some of this environmental pressure and also help meet some energy demand. This chapter explores both the potential role that utilising energy from waste could play in meeting China’s energy demand and possible technical and policy routes for unlocking that potential. An update of the current state of greenhouse policy and CCS technology status as well as demonstration projects in China are also presented in this chapter to give an insight into future hurdles and opportunities for China’s efforts on greenhouse gas emission reduction.
10.1 The Energy Potential of Municipal Solid Waste Municipal solid waste (MSW) is the solid waste generated as a result of urban daily life activities or activities to support urban daily life, as well as the solid waste specified by laws, administrative rules and regulations. The production of MSW in China has increased dramatically in recent years. In 2013, the annual collected amount of MSW in China reached 172 million tonnes (NBSC 2014), and the harmless process rate was 89 % with an average annual growth rate of 10 % in recent years. MSW processing modes in China are currently experiencing significant transitional change. Landfill processing rates reduced from 89 % in 2002 to 68 % in 2013, while incineration increased from 3.7 to 30 % over this period. The share of compost has not been compiled in statistics separately since 2011 due to its
© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 Z. Li et al., Informing Choices for Meeting China’s Energy Challenges, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2353-8_10
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10 Future Low Carbon Options for Combustion Power Plants
Fig. 10.1 Collected and processed MSW in Mainland China
relatively small amounts. As a predominant processing technology, landfill has a relatively low cost, but the decomposition of landfilled waste takes decades or even hundreds of years and can be detrimental to the healthy and sustainable development of land. Despite relatively extensive construction of MSW management, processing and storage facilities, many cities are facing a crisis of “garbage overload”. The production of MSW not only is a threat to the environment but also shows considerable potential for energy utilisation. To date, the inherent energy potential contained in MSW remains largely untapped, as shown in Fig. 10.1. The energy utilisation of MSW is dependent on the amount of waste production, its characteristics, and the processing and conversion technologies used. Based on the prediction of China’s urban population, the economy, and the consumption level of residents, the annual MSW production rate up to 2030 has b
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