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Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media Series Editor: Jacob Bear, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

Volume 20

The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.

Gas Transport in Porous Media Edited by Clifford K. Ho Sandia National Laboratories, P. O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA

and Stephen W. Webb Sandia National Laboratories, P. O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN-10 1-4020-3961-1 (HB) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3961-4 (HB) ISBN-10 1-4020-3962-X (e-book) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3962-1 (e-book)

Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com

Printed on acid-free paper

© 2006 Springer All Rights Reserved for Chapter 12 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction Clifford K. Ho and Stephen W. Webb

1

Part 1: Processes and Models 2. Gas Transport Mechanisms Stephen W. Webb

5

3. Vapor Transport Processes Clifford K. Ho

27

4. Solid/Gas Partitioning Say-Kee Ong

47

5. Two-Phase Gas Transport Stephen W. Webb

55

6. Conservation Equations Stephen Whitaker

71

7. Gas-Phase Dispersion in Porous Media Molly S. Costanza-Robinson and Mark L. Brusseau

121

8. Gas Injection and Fingering in Porous Media Muhammad Sahimi, M. Reza Rasaei and Manouchehr Haghighi

133

9. Unstable and Fingering Gas Flow in Fractures Peter Persoff

169

10. Natural Convection Gas Transport in Porous Media K. Khanafer and K. Vafai

v

179

vi

Table of Contents

11. Scaling Issues in Porous and Fractured Media Vincent C. Tidwell

201

12. Numerical Codes for Continuum Modeling of Gas Transport in Porous Media Karsten Pruess

213

13. Lattice Boltzmann Method for Calculating Fluid Flow and Dispersion in Porous and Fractured Media Harlan W. Stockman

221

Part 2: Measurement and Monitoring 14. Experimental Determination of Transport Parameters Olga Šolcová and Petr Schneider

245

15. Air Permeability Measurements in Porous Media Vincent C. Tidwell

273

16. Analyzing Barometric Pumping to Characterize Subsurface Permeability Joseph Rossabi

279

17. Subsurface Flow Measurements Joseph Rossabi

291

18. Measurement of Vapor Concentrations Clifford K. Ho, Michael Kelly, and Michael T. Itamura

303

19. In situ Measurement of Induced Contaminant Flux Andre Tartre

319

Part 3: Applications 20. Radon Transport Bill W. Arnold

333

21. Gas Transport Issues in Landmine Detection James M. Phelan

339

22. Environmental Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds Ron Falta

353

23. Yucca Mountain Heater Tests Yvonne Y. W. Tsang

371

24. Impact of Gas Generati