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Series Editors Andreas Öchsner Lucas F. M. da Silva Holm Altenbach

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8611

Frank A. Coutelieris J. M. P. Q. Delgado •

Transport Processes in Porous Media

123

Frank A. Coutelieris Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management University of Ioannina Seferi 2, 30100 Agrinio Greece

ISSN 1869-8433 ISBN 978-3-642-27909-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-27910-2

J. M. P. Q. Delgado Laboratorio de Fisica das Construccoes Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal

e-ISSN 1869-8441 e-ISBN 978-3-642-27910-2

Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011946089 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

The effort I put for this work is dedicated to my wife, Natasa, who offered me the most valuable gift of my life: our three children. Frank Coutelieris

Preface

What is a ‘‘porous medium’’? Although several definitions have been proposed, depending on the application the porous material is involved with, a common sense of this term exists to almost everyone. This is mainly due to their abundance. Either artificial or natural, porous materials can be found in the wide majority of s