Genetic diversity and differentiation among populations of the pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur ) at the eastern margin o
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Genetic diversity and differentiation among populations of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) at the eastern margin of its range based on a new set of 95 SNP loci Bernd Degen1 · Yulai Yanbaev2 · Ruslan Ianbaev2 · Svetlana Bakhtina2 · Albina Tagirova3
Received: 8 September 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the genetic variability and differentiation among populations of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) at the eastern margin of the species distribution range. We applied new set of 95 geographically informative nuclear SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) loci developed using Double Digest Restriction Site Associated DNA (ddRAD), a new generation DNA sequencing technology. The study area is located in the basins of the Volga River and its two main tributaries, Kama and Belaya. Despite the strong reduction and fragmentation of pedunculate oak forests over the last several centuries and comparatively small sizes of present stands, a relatively similar genetic diversity of seven populations was observed (on average, allelic diversity υа = 1.472–1.603, observed heterozygosity HO = 0.305–0.358, expected heterozygosity HE = 0.272–0.343). The genetic distances between populations vary between 0.102 and 0.170 (on average, d 0 = 0.128). We have identified the absence of a spatial genetic structure and the existence of genetically peculiar populations in the territory studied. The genetic distances of Gregorius between populations vary between 0.102 and 0.170 (on Project funding: The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation No. 19-16-00084. The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com. Corresponding editor: Tao Xu * Yulai Yanbaev [email protected] 1
Institute of Forest Genetics, Grosshansdorf, Germany
2
Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education “Bashkir State Agrarian University”, Ufa, Russia
3
Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education “Bashkir State University”, Ufa, Russia
average, d0 = 0.128). Genetic differentiation among populations was statistically significant with a mean of the fixation index F ST of 0.075. Populations from the Privolzhye Upplands and from northern parts of the study area make the most contribution to overall inter-population differentiation (d0 = 0.137). No significant differences exist among the samples at lowlands along the Volga river (d0 = 0.110). It was concluded that the multiplicity and different ages of local populations and the complexity of migration routes of the pedunculate oak from Pleistocene refugia and secondary Holocene shelters can cause this phenomenon. Keywords Population · Quercus robur · Gene pool · Single nucleotide polymorphism
Introduction The pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is one of the most common European broad-leaved tree species and of considerable ecological and economic significance (Ducousso and Bordacs 2004). Population diversity and differentiation of the species, gen
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