RAPD-based evaluation of genetic diversity among populations of the Iranian endemic species Rhabdosciadium aucheri Boiss
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
RAPD-based evaluation of genetic diversity among populations of the Iranian endemic species Rhabdosciadium aucheri Boiss. (Apiaceae) Fatemeh Kazemeini1 · Younes Asri2 · Golaleh Mostafavi3 · Ramezan Kalvandi4 · Iraj Mehregan1 Received: 13 September 2020 / Accepted: 20 November 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Rhabosciadium aucheri is an Iranian endemic herbaceous species that grows in the west, center, and south regions of Iran. In the present study, genetic variation of 70 individuals belonging to seven natural populations of four provinces was investigated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Ten out of twenty-two RAPD primers employed in this study, generated 110 highly amplified and reproducible loci and a mean of 11.1 bands per primer and 48.13% of polymorphism was obtained. According to our results, the primer OPA10 presented the highest effective number of alleles, Shannon’s index, and genetic diversity. The highest value of genetic identity (0.916) was determined between Hamadan, Nahavand and Hamadan, Alvand Mts. populations and the highest genetic distance (0.277) was observed between Hamadan, Asadabad and Kurdistan, Qorveh populations. Therefore, there is an obvious correlation between genetic diversity and geographical distribution. PCA was obtained based on RAPD molecular data and Neighbor Joining (NJ) dendrogram was provided successively. Similar results were attained employing UPGMA and Neighbor Joining dendrograms, supported by PCA ordination plot. Overall, almost moderate level of polymorphism was obtained by RAPD molecular markers at the population level that shows a reasonable amount of intraspecific variability. The reason might be due to the low level of gene flow between populations that could give rise to high genetic differentiation. Keywords Conservation strategies · Genetic diversity · RAPD markers · Rhabdosciadium aucheri
Introduction Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), is considered a large and important family of the flowering plants in the world [1–5]. Iran is one of the significant diversification centers of the family members [6]. Rhabdosciadium Boiss. (Apiaceae) encompasses * Golaleh Mostafavi [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Botany, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Biology, Yadegar‑e‑Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4
Natural Resources Research Division, Hamadan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Hamadan, Iran
only eight herbaceous species, that are distributed in Iran and Turkey exclusively [7–10]. Only three species i.e., R. strausii Hausskn. ex Bornm., R. petiolare Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss. and R. aucheri Boiss., are known as endemic to Iran [3, 4]. Rhabdo
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