Genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from broiler pro
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FOOD MICROBIOLOGY - RESEARCH PAPER
Genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from broiler production chain Tassiana Ramires 1 & Mauricéia Greici de Oliveira 1 & Natalie Rauber Kleinubing 1 & Simone de Fátima Rauber Würfel 2 & Marcia Magalhães Mata 1 & Mariana Almeida Iglesias 2 & Graciela Volz Lopes 1 & Odir Antônio Dellagostin 2 & Wladimir Padilha da Silva 1,2 Received: 2 September 2019 / Accepted: 4 June 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia 2020
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter in the broiler production chain of southern Brazil, by evaluating broiler farms and slaughter line samples, and to determine the genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes of the isolates. Of the 140 samples investigated in this study, 75 (53.6%) were positive for thermophilic Campylobacter, and all isolates were identified by phenotypic and molecular tests as C. jejuni. The resistance to nalidixic acid was the most common (74%), followed by resistance to enrofloxacin (67.3%) and ciprofloxacin (37.1%). However, there was no resistance to the macrolides tested which are recommended for the treatment of human campylobacteriosis. The PFGE showed that the isolates were grouped in eight macrorestriction patterns (P1 to P8). A representative isolate of each macrorestriction pattern was investigated for the presence of virulence genes and all isolates carried the cadF, ciaB, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, and flaA genes. The dnaJ gene was detected in 87.5% (7/8) of the isolates. The flhA and racR genes were detected in 75% (6/8), while the pldA gene was present in 62.5% (5/8) and the wlaN gene in 25% (2/8). The presence of C. jejuni in broiler farms and in the slaughterhouse is a hazard to consumer given that this pathogen can be maintained throughout the broiler production chain and contaminates the final product. Moreover, the presence of the major virulence genes in the isolates demonstrates that they have the ability to develop campylobacteriosis in humans. Keywords C. jejuni . Broiler farms . PFGE . Virulence genes . Antimicrobial resistance
Introduction Campylobacter spp. is among the main pathogens that cause foodborne gastroenteritis in the world [1, 2]. Human campylobacteriosis is caused by the thermophilic Campylobacter species: C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis [3]. It is estimated that Campylobacter
Responsible Editor: Mariza Landgraf. * Wladimir Padilha da Silva [email protected] 1
Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
2
Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
spp. causes 1.5 million illnesses each year in the USA [4]. The notification rate in the European Union (EU) was 246,571 cases of human campylobacteriosis in 2018 [5]. Campylobacter jejuni species is currently attracting significant attention because it is involved in app
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