Comparisons between genetic diversity, virulence and colony morphology of Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia laxa isolat
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Comparisons between genetic diversity, virulence and colony morphology of Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia laxa isolates Thao Thi Tran 1 & Hua Li 1 & Duy Quang Nguyen 1 & Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam 1 & Michael George Keppler Jones 1 & Stephen John Wylie 1 Received: 12 March 2019 / Accepted: 22 January 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract Monilinia fructicola and M. laxa, causing brown rot in stone fruit (Prunus species), were first described from Western Australia in 1997. Our previous work indicated that original invasive isolates of both species were each of a single genotype. This research aims to compare isolates from the region in the present day in terms of genetic diversity, colony morphology, and virulence on fruit. Genetic diversity of 68 M. laxa and 66 M. fructicola isolates collected in 2016-2017 from five populations was measured using ISSR markers. The genetic diversity within M. fructicola was greater than that of M. laxa, having Shannon’s diversity indices of 0.50 and 0.41, respectively. Most genetic variation was present within populations for both M. fructicola (77%) and M. laxa (76%), with the rest of the variation between geographically separated populations. Genotype did not correlate closely with virulence of isolates as measured by symptom severity index (SSI) on inoculated plum fruit and colony morphology on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. M. fructicola isolates with wide genetic variation exhibited closely similar SSIs and one morphotype on PDA, whereas M. laxa isolates exhibited a broad range of SSIs and four different morphotypes. Keywords Brown rot . ISSR markers . Pathogenicity . Stone fruit
Introduction Monilinia fungi are ascomycetous pathogens causing diseases known as brown rot in fruits, canker in wood, and blossom blight of flowers of some cultivated members of family Rosaceae. Although 35 species are described, only Monilinia fructigena, M. laxa, M. fructicola and one Monilinia anamorph, Monilia polystroma, cause brown rot in Prunus (stone fruits), Malus (apple), Pyrus (pear), Cydonia (quince), and occasionally other species (Willetts and Bullock 2019). M. fructigena has been reported from Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-020-00498-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Stephen John Wylie [email protected] 1
Plant Biotechnology Research Group - Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, W.A 6150, Australia
Europe, and it is a quarantine pest for Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand. M. laxa is described from Europe, the Americas, Japan, and Australasia. M. fructicola is reported from the Americas, Japan, Australasia, and is a quarantine pest for several European countries (De Cal et al. 2009; EPPO 2019). Monilia polystroma is closely related to M. fructigena and has been described from Japan (van
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