Genetic diversity of Guatemalan climbing bean collections
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Genetic diversity of Guatemalan climbing bean collections Marı´a Gabriela Tobar Pin˜o´n . Samira Mafi Moghaddam . Rian K. Lee . Julio C. Villatoro Me´rida . David J. DeYoung . Byron A. Reyes . Mywish Maredia . Juan M. Osorno . Phillip E. McClean
Received: 13 February 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Common bean is the most important legume crop for human consumption around the world. For this reason, bean breeders are challenged with increasing bean production while facing new problems like climate change. Guatemalan climbing beans have been suggested to represent a previously undefined race in the Middle American gene pool that may represent an untapped source of alleles for bean improvement that can contribute to solving production problems affecting both developed and developing countries. The genetic diversity, population structure, and genetic differentiation of two Guatemalan climbing bean collections were analyzed with * 45,000 SNPs markers and confirmed the existence of race Guatemala in the Middle American gene pool and its M. G. Tobar Pin˜o´n (&) J. C. Villatoro Me´rida Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a Agrı´colas (ICTA), Villa Nueva, Guatemala e-mail: [email protected] S. Mafi Moghaddam R. K. Lee J. M. Osorno P. E. McClean Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA D. J. DeYoung M. Maredia Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA B. A. Reyes International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Palmira, Colombia
differentiation from other races. Further analysis using geospatial data, showed that elevation was an important factor when defining the population structure of race Guatemala beans. Keywords Phaseolus vulgaris Race Guatemala Population structure Milpa system
Introduction Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important pulse crop for human consumption around the world (Broughton et al. 2003; Osorno and McClean 2013). The production of beans was 18.9 million metric tons worldwide in 2017, most of it produced in developing countries (Akibode and Maredia 2012; Myers and Kmiecik 2017). Guatemala is a Central American country with the highest chronic stunting rate for children under five years old among all Latin American countries and sixth-highest rate in the world (https://www.usaid.gov/global-health/ health-areas/nutrition/countries/guatemala-nutritionprofile). In Guatemala, common bean per capita consumption is 9.4 kg per year (Osorno and McClean 2013), and it represents 11% of per capita protein intake (Akibode and Maredia 2012), making it the most important protein source in the country. In the western highlands of Guatemala, climbing beans are intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.) and/or squash
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(Cucurbita spp.) in a cropping system known as milpa (Zizumbo-Villarreal et al. 2012). The primary species of Guatemalan climbing beans is
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