Genetic diversity of the coat protein gene and biological variation of citrus yellow vein clearing virus infecting diffe
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Genetic diversity of the coat protein gene and biological variation of citrus yellow vein clearing virus infecting different citrus species Ram Prasnna Meena 1,2 & V. K. Baranwal 1 Received: 5 August 2019 / Accepted: 7 February 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia 2020
Abstract Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops globally and rising incidence of citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) in citrus orchards is an increasing concern in India. CYVCV and Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV) are assigned to the only two known species in the genus Mandarivirus. Both viruses naturally infect several citrus plants. ICRSV produces ringspots symptoms in Kinnow mandarin, whereas CYVCV induces vein clearing symptoms on Etrog citron and lemon. Leaf samples and bud sticks of different citrus cultivars, exhibiting diverse symptoms were collected during 2012–2014 from 18 locations of India. The genetic variability was assessed through analysis of the coat protein (CP) gene sequences. Out of the 15 CP gene sequences, 13 sequences were of 978 nucleotides (nts) and showed 96–99% sequence identity with CYVCV-Y1 isolate (JX040635.1). However, sequences from the isolates HI and DLI shared only 78% and 73% nucleotide sequence identity with CYVCV and ICRSV, respectively, and that may represent distinct CYVCV isolates in the genus Mandarivirus. In phylogenetic analysis also HI and DLI isolates clustered neither with CYVCV nor with ICRSV isolates. Keywords Mandarivirus . Flexuous virus . Bioassay . Genetic distance . Recombination
Introduction Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops, commercially grown throughout the world from tropical to subtropical climates in more than 142 countries (FAO 2017). These plants are susceptible to the infection by a large number of fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens. Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) causes yellow vein clearing (YVC) disease in different citrus species and the rising incidence is an alarming concern for citriculture. The YVC disease was first reported from Pakistan in 1988 on lemon (Citrus limon L.) and sour orange (Citrus aurantium) (Catara et al. 1993) and in India on citrus cultivar
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-020-00333-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * V. K. Baranwal [email protected] 1
Advanced Centre for Plant Virology Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
2
ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand, Gujarat 387310, India
Etrog citron (Citrus medica) by Ahlawat in 1997 (Ahlawat and Pant 2003). The associated virus of YVC disease was detected for the first time in transmission electron microscope using heterologous antibody of Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV). The complete genomic sequence of citrus yellow vein clearing virus was determined in 2012 from Turkey (Loconsole et al. 2012) and the virus species was assig
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