Detection and diversity of maize yellow mosaic virus infecting maize in Nigeria
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Detection and diversity of maize yellow mosaic virus infecting maize in Nigeria Adama Yahaya1 P. Lava Kumar3
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Danladi B. Dangora1 • Olufemi J. Alabi2 • Aisha M. Zongoma1
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Received: 28 March 2019 / Accepted: 15 November 2019 Ó Indian Virological Society 2019
Abstract Maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV; genus Polerovirus; family Luteoviridae) was recently characterized from maize in China and subsequently detected in mixed infection with sugarcane mosaic virus (genus Potyvirus; family Potyviridae) in sugarcane and itch grass in Nigeria. This study was conducted to understand the status and genetic diversity of MaYMV in maize fields in the northern guinea savannah region of Nigeria. A survey was conducted in 2017 and maize (n = 90) and itch grass (n = 10) plants suspected of virus infection based on appearance of mosaic and/or yellowing symptoms were sampled in Kaduna (n = 65) and Katsina (n = 35) states. The samples were screened individually by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using the genusspecific primers targeting poleroviruses and potyviruses Pol-G-F and Pol-G-R primers encompassing the partial P1– P2 fusion protein and coat protein genes of poleroviruses and primer pair CI-For & CI-Rev encompassing the partial cylindrical inclusion proteins of most potyviruses. A subset of amplified DNA fragments was cloned, Sanger-sequenced, and the obtained sequences were bioinformatically analyzed along with corresponding sequences from GenBank. The * 1.1 Kb polerovirus fragment was detected in 32.2% (29/90) of the maize samples while all
& Adama Yahaya [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
2
Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
3
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria
10 itch grass samples tested negative. BLASTN analysis of sequences derived from six polerovirus samples confirmed the virus identity as MaYMV. In pairwise comparisons, the MaYMV sequences derived in this study shared 97–99% nucleotide identity with sequences of other MaYMV isolates available in the NCBI GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the segregation of global MaYMV sequences into three host-independent clusters with pattern of geographic structuring. Keywords Luteoviridae Polerovirus MaYMV Maize Phylogenetic analysis
Introduction Nigeria currently ranks tenth globally in maize (Zea mays L.) production and first in Africa [11]. About 90% of this production is attributed to smallholder farmers [3]. While Nigerian farmers have seen better access to seeds of improved maize varieties in recent years, the management of diseases and pest insects continue to be a weak link in the maize production value chain. Among the major disease constraints to maize production in Nigeria, those caused by viruses and fungi are major impediments to enhanced productivity due to their negative
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