Genetic structure and gene flow among populations of Encholirium magalhaesii , a rocky grassland fields bromeliad
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Genetic structure and gene flow among populations of Encholirium magalhaesii, a rocky grassland fields bromeliad Rodrigo C. Gonçalves‑Oliveira1,2 · Tina Wöhrmann2 · Kurt Weising2 · Maria das Graças L. Wanderley3 · Ana M. Benko‑Iseppon1 Received: 3 November 2019 / Revised: 17 March 2020 / Accepted: 19 March 2020 © Botanical Society of Sao Paulo 2020
Abstract Encholirium is a genus of 31 xerophytic terrestrial or epilithic bromeliad species endemic to eastern Brazil. Together with Dyckia and Deuterocohnia, it forms the so-called xeric clade of the Pitcairnioideae subfamily of Bromeliaceae. Encholirium species are adapted to rocky landscapes, and many of them are found in the rocky grassland fields of the Espinhaço in the state of Minas Gerais, which is considered the diversity center of the genus. Encholirium species and other bromeliads growing on isolated, island-like habitats like rock outcrops and “inselbergs” are often characterized by high levels of genetic structure and limited gene flow among populations, but there are also exceptions. In the present study, we applied nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of E. magalhaesii L.B.Sm., an endemic species of the Espinhaço, collected in four localities of the Diamantina municipality in southeastern Brazil. Moderate genetic differentiation among localities was revealed by the nuclear markers (Fst = 0.199), whereas genetic structuring was much higher with plastid markers (Fst = 0.496). Estimations of pollen/seed flow ratios suggest that pollen flow is more efficient in maintaining the genetic connectivity among E. magalhaesii populations than seed flow. Keywords Cadeia do Espinhaço · Campos rupestres · cpSSR · Microsatellite · Pitcairnioideae
1 Introduction The Espinhaço (Espinhaço Range) is a continuous rocky mountain chain in central-eastern Brazil that stretches for 1100 km in a north–south direction from the state of Bahia to the state of Minas Gerais. At higher elevations, these mountains carry a unique type of ecosystem known as rocky grassland fields (campos rupestres; Gontijo 2008). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00600-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Rodrigo C. Gonçalves‑Oliveira [email protected] 1
Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, CDU, Recife, PE 50.670‑420, Brazil
2
Systematics and Morphology of Plants, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich‑Plett‑Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
3
Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP 04.301‑902, Brazil
Their rocky, nutrient-poor and porous substrates and sandy soils significantly differ from those of the surrounding Cerrado and Caatinga domains, and plant communities residing in the rupestrian fields are exposed to severe abiotic conditions, includin
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