Genetic diversity and population structure of Amorphophallus albus , a plant species with extremely small populations (P
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Genetic diversity and population structure of Amorphophallus albus, a plant species with extremely small populations (PSESP) endemic to dry-hot valley of Jinsha River Rong Tang1,2,3, Erxi Liu4, Yazhou Zhang2,3, Johann Schinnerl5, Weibang Sun1,2 and Gao Chen1,2*
Abstract Background: Amorphophallus albus P. Y. Liu & J. F. Chen (Araceae) is a plant species with extremely small populations (PSES P) and an important economic crop endemic to dry-hot valleys along the Jinsha River. In order to gain information for sustaining the development and conservation of A. albus, we studied the genetic diversity and population structure of this species using microsatellite markers (SSR). In this study, we analysed 364 individuals belonging to 24 populations, including four wild populations and three ex-situ cultivated populations, collected in the provinces Yunnan, Sichuan and Hubei. Results: The population genetic analyses indicated that A. albus possesses moderate genetic diversity with the percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) from 69.23 to 100%, an expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.504 and an average Shannon’s Information Index (I) 0.912. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that most of the variance (71%) resided within populations and the estimated gene flow (Nm) was 0.61. The results of UPGMA cluster tree, STRUCTURE analyses together with the Mantel test (R2 = 0.352, P < 0.01) indicated that geographically closely located populations are clustered together with some exceptions. Conclusions: Our results showed that A. albus still possesses moderate genetic variation in most of the studied populations, and for now, most cultivated populations were naturally distributed but still some reintroduction exists. For sustaining the present genetic variation, some protections measures are necessary for the wild populations and also for the cultivated ones with high genetic diversity. Keywords: Amorphophallus albus, Genetic diversity, Population structure, Conservation, PSESP
Background Amorphophallus albus P. Y. Liu & J. F. Chen (Araceae) is a herbaceous perennial plant species occurring along the Jinsha River in southern Sichuan and northern Yunnan. It * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China 2 CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
is growing in open forests between 800 to 1000 m altitude on arid locations [1]. It’s an economic crop widely used for food, medicine and industry due to the glucomannan (KGM) content in its tubers [2, 3]. The high quality and purity of KGM obtained from A. albus makes this species the second most cultivated Amophophallus species after A. konjac K. Koch in China [4]. At present, the cultivation of
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