Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of the KCS gene family in barley
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of the KCS gene family in barley Tao Tong1 · Yun‑xia Fang1 · Ziling Zhang1 · Junjun Zheng1 · Xian Zhang1 · Jia Li1 · Chunyu Niu1 · Dawei Xue1 · Xiaoqin Zhang1 Received: 14 July 2020 / Accepted: 19 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract β-Ketoacyl CoA synthetase (KCS) is a key rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in plants that determines the synthesis rate and carbon chain length of VLCFAs, ultimately affecting the stress resistance of epidermal wax. In this study, a genome-wide characterization of the KCS family was conducted using high-quality barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genome sequences. In total, 33 KCS genes were identified and were unevenly distributed in the distal centromere region of each chromosome. These genes were divided 12 subgroups based on sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, with members of the same subgroup possessing similar genes and motif structures. Expression analysis showed that the KCS genes demonstrate diverse tissue expression patterns in barley and also have overlapping functions. The barley KCS gene family also exhibited different response characteristics under drought stress. These results provide insights into the evolutionary processes and potential functions of the KCS gene family, offering a theoretical reference for studies on the physiological and biochemical regulation of KCS genes during barley growth and development, as well as for the genetic breeding analysis of wheat crops. Keywords Barley · KCS gene family · Evolution analysis · Expression pattern
Introduction Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) can be modified, derived, esterified, or polymerized to form bioactive products, such as the wax components of the plant epidermis, which play crucial roles in plant development and in the resistance to diverse stress (Haslam and Kunst 2013; Xue et al. 2017). β-Ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS), which is embedded in fatty acid elongase (FAE), is related to the Tao Tong and Yun-xia Fang have contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00668-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Dawei Xue [email protected] * Xiaoqin Zhang [email protected] 1
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People’s Republic of China
synthesis of VLCFAs as an important rate-limiting enzyme (Wettstein-Knowles 1982). It has strict carbon chain-length specificity in substrate and product, influences the composition and content of plant epidermal wax, and modifies plant stress resistance (Vogg et al. 2004). The first gene encoding a KCS enzyme was identified and isolated from mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants deficient in VLCFAs (James et al. 1995). The mutant line showed significantly decreased production of C20:0, C20:1, and C22:1 in the seeds, and thus the gene was named fatty aci
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