Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE gene family in Paeonia
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN‑LIKE gene family in Paeonia suffruticosa Shunli Wang1,2 · Xiuxia Ren1,2 · Jingqi Xue1,2 · Yuqian Xue1,2 · Xiaodan Cheng1,2 · Xiaogai Hou3 · Xiuxin Zhang1,2 Received: 27 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Key message A total of 16 PsSPL genes were identified in tree peony. PsSPLs potentially regulated flowering time, lateral bud and seed development, and the juvenile-to-adult phase transition. Abstract SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factors are important for plant growth and development. Here, we report the identification of 16 full-length PsSPLs in tree peony (Peaonia suffruticosa Andr.) and 9 PsSPLs that have miR156 target sites. Phylogenetic analysis of the relationship of SPLs in P. suffruticosa and Arabidopsis suggested that they can be classified into six groups, and PsSPLs were highly correlated with Arabidopsis SPLs counterparts in the same group. Cis-element of promoter region analysis suggested that PsSPL genes play roles in physiological processes and developmental events. Expression analysis indicated that most PsSPL genes exhibited high expression levels in the tissues and organs examined here. The increasing expression levels of PsSPL1, PsSPL2, PsSPL8, PsSPL9, PsSPL12, and PsSPL16, and decreasing expression levels of PsSPL1A and PsSPL1B in buds over time suggested that they were probably regulated by the juvenile-to-adult phase transition. In addition, the expression profiles of PsSPL genes in different developmental buds and seeds suggested that PsSPL2, PsSPL3, PsSPL9, PsSPL10, PsSPL13, and PsSPL13A were important genes for regulating the flowering time of the tree peony; PsSPL2 and PsSPL8 might play a role in suppressing lateral bud development, and PsSPL2, PsSPL13, and PsSPL14 positively controlled grain size and number, and pod branching. These results provide a foundation for future functional analysis of PsSPL genes in tree peony growth and development. Keywords Tree peony · SPL gene family · MiR156 · Juvenile-to-adult phase transition · Flowering time · Grain size
Introduction SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes encode plant specific transcription factors and are typified by their SQUAMOSA Promoter-Binding (SBP) domains. The SBP domain is typically 76–79 amino Communicated by Neal Stewart. Shunli Wang, and Xiuxia Ren contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02573-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xiaogai Hou [email protected] * Xiuxin Zhang [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
acid residues long and contains a novel zinc finger motif with two Z n 2+ -binding sites, Cys–Cys–His–Cys and Cys–Cys–Cys–His, and a nuclear location signal (NLS), which are involved in DNA binding
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