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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Genome-wide identification of phospholipase C related to chilling injury in peach fruit Ke Wang1

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Ya-li Li1 • Shuqi Chen1

Received: 29 May 2020 / Accepted: 8 November 2020 Ó Society for Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2020

Abstract Phospholipase C (PLC) responsible for acyl editing of phospholipids plays crucial roles in chilling sensitive plants and flesh fruit, which is prone to physiological disorders caused by chilling stress, collectively termed chilling injury. Up to now, genes encoding PLC in Prunus persica genome (PpPLC) and characteristics closely related to chilling injury remain elusive. In this study, a total of 10 PpPLCs were identified and divided into two subclasses, with equal number of phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC (PpPI-PLCs) and non-specific PLC (PpNPCs). Compared with PpNPCs, PpPI-PLCs show the differences in the number and the organization of exons and introns, as well as multiple splice variants. Meanwhile, the subclasses share two motifs enriched with lysine and proline. Furthermore, the PpPLCs consistently displayed two distinct transcriptional responses to four treatments conferring chilling tolerance in peach fruit, with the upregulation of PpPI-PLCs such as PpPI-PLC4.1/4.2 and the down-regulation of PpNPCs except to PpNPC1, which is located at the plasma membrane. The results will facilitate deciphering the functions of the PLC in plants and flesh fruit when they undergo chilling injury. Keywords Peach  Phospholipase C  Chilling injury  Lipid Abbreviations 1-MCP 1-methylcyclopropene CI Chilling injury DAG Diacylglycerol DGK DAG kinase DS Delayed storage LTC Low temperature conditioning MeJA Methyl jasmonate NPC Non-specific PLC PA Phosphatidic acid PI-PLC PI specific PLC PLC Phospholipase C PI Phosphatidylinositol

& Ke Wang [email protected] 1

Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China

Introduction Phospholipids play structural and signaling roles in plants and fruit exposure to various biotic and abiotic stresses, including cold stress (Nakamura 2017); they are usually consisted of head groups attached to two acyl chains. Acyl editing of phospholipids can be performed by phospholipases, including phospholipase A, phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D. Phospholipase A hydrolyzes acyl groups at sn-1 and sn-2 sites to produce free fatty acids and lysophospholipids (Singh et al. 2015). Phospholipase D cleaves phosphoester bonds and generates phosphatidic acid (PA). PLC cuts off the glycerophosphate bonds, and yields diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphorylated head groups; it can be further divided into two classes based on substrate specificity. One is phosphatidylinositol (PI) specific PLC (PI-PLC), which preferentially hydrolyzes PI; the other is non-specific PLC (NPC) that hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine (Singh et al. 2015). Recently, the expression and function of PLCs have gained extensive attention in the studies on cellula