Genomics insights of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) into target-based drug discovery
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Medicinal Chemistry Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-020-02610-8
REVIEW ARTICLE
Genomics insights of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) into target-based drug discovery P. Chellapandi
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S. Saranya1
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Received: 20 May 2020 / Accepted: 24 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is a global health emergency and no clinically approved vaccines or antiviral drugs available to date. Intensive research on SARS-CoV-2 is urgently warranted to understand its pathogenesis and virulence mechanisms and to discover target-based antiviral therapeutics. Among various research logics, current bioinformatics highlights novel testable hypotheses for systematic drug repositioning and designing against COVID-19. A total of 121 articles related to bioinformatics facets of this virus were collected from the PubMed Central. The content of each investigation was comprehensively reviewed, manually curated, and included herein. Interestingly, 109 COVID-19-related literature published in 2020 (January–June) were included in this review. The present article emphasizes novel resource development on its genome structure, evolution, therapeutic targets, drug designing, and drug repurposing strategies. Genome organization, the function of coding genes, origin, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is described in detail. Genomic insights into understanding the structure–function relationships of drug targets including spike, main protease, and RNAdependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 are discussed intensively. Several molecular docking and systems pharmacology approaches have been investigated some promising antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 based on its genomic characteristics, pathogenesis mechanism, and host specificity. Perhaps, the present genomic insights of this virus will provide a lead to the researchers to design or repurpose of antiviral drugs soon and future directions to control the spread of COVID-19. Keywords COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Drug target Network pharmacology Molecular docking ●
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Introduction The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a global epidemic with high morbidity and mortality. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), a new strain isolated from the Huanan Seafood Market, Wuhan, China in December 2019 (Fox 2020; Khan et al. 2020b). Horseshoe bat is a primary reservoir, but the intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is fully understood (Guo et al. 2020; Singhal 2020). Human coronaviruses (Coronaviridae family; Nidovirales order) can cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and central
* P. Chellapandi [email protected] 1
Molecular Systems Engineering Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
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nervous system diseases. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus of which tw
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