Insights into Mine Closure
Mining is an economic activity that provides a growing world population with raw materials such as metals, fuels, and building materials. Depending on the available technology and the mineral mix to be extracted, the lifetime of a mine might last for seve
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Christian Wolkersdorfer
Water Management at Abandoned Flooded Underground Mines Fundamentals, Tracer Tests, Modelling, Water Treatment Habilitationsschrift zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium habilitatus Dr. rer. nat. habil. vorgelegt der Fakultät für Geowissenschaften, Geotechnik und Bergbau an der TU Bergakademie Freiberg von Dr. rer. nat. Christian Wolkersdorfer geboren am 17. Februar 1964 in Schwabach/Mittelfranken Freiberg/Sachsen, am 9.3.2006
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International Mine Water Association Bob Kleinmann (Editor-in-Chief)
Dr. rer. nat. Christian Wolkersdorfer Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München AG Hydrogeologie und Umweltgeologie Luisenstr. 37 80333 München Germany [email protected]
Page 59: “Stollentroll” © Eichborn AG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, März 1999. English editions available at Vintage, Random House (UK) and The Overlook Press (US) Translation Copyright © 2000 by John Brownjohn
ISBN 978-3-540-77330-6
e-ISBN 978-3-540-77331-3
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-77331-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007943146 © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Production: LE-TEX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig, Germany Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 987654321 springer.com
We all seek an ideal in life. Charlotte Brontë
1 Acknowledgements Many colleagues have helped and assisted me in my research. Some accompanied my way for just a short time; others have been with me since I started to work in the mine water field, and again others were (and are) my teachers and friends. Yet, the list must start with four colleagues and friends who, mainly but not exclusively from a scientific point of view, made me what I am today: Miran Veselič from Ljubljana/Slovenia was the first person to help me understand what happens when a mine is flooded. I owe him many ideas in many areas of science. Bob Kleinmann from Pittsburgh/USA (United States of America), then, was my mentor in what has to be known when one works in the mine water field. His knowledge helped to solve many of the problems I had. Next comes Paul Younger from Newcastle upon Tyne/United Kingdom. It is hard to copy him, nearly impossible, but it is worth trying becaus
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