Geographic Dynamics, Visualization and Modeling
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Geographic Data Management
sharing, for example, assessing the benefits of restructuring a local information system into conformance with a federal information system, and evaluating privacy protection for citizens in designing geospatial databases.
4. ISO: ISO/TC211, ISO 19123 Geographic information – Schema for coverage geometry and functions (2005) 5. Evans, J. (ed.): OGC, Web coverage service (WCS), Version 1.0.0. Wayland, Massachusetts (2005) 6. ISO: ISO/TC211, ISO 19119 Geographic information-service (2005)
Citizen’s Everyday Life Citizens can benefit from geographic coverage standards and services in their daily life, such as virtual reality landscapes from earth observing data, digital museums and galleries, and education and training. In the aforementioned traffic line versus traffic flow example, a citizen is able to find the shortest route from one location to another when the road is viewed as a discrete feature. She is also able to find the shortest time needed to drive between the two locations when traffic flow rate is represented as a coverage having data at each and every point along the road and when the coverage is constantly accessible to her through standard compliant services.
Geographic Data Management Privacy and Security Challenges in GIS
Geographic Data Mining Geographic Knowledge Discovery
Geographic Data Reduction Abstraction of GeoDatabases
Future Directions Standardization of technology language and service interface protocols related to geographic coverage is still in its early stage and the effort is an ongoing one. Most current coverage services are not in operational use. Many factors are related to the degree of maturity of standardization and interoperable services, such as status of adopting and implementing specifications, server and client development speed, cross-community communication, easiness in adapting to existing service interfaces of data distribution systems, and government policies. Future directions shall include: stabilization of current implementation specifications, additional coverage processing specifications, promotion of coverage standards and interoperable services among major geospatial data providers, communications to more science and application communities who are employing the use of geographic data, and government enforcing policies.
Geographic Database Conceptual Modeling Modeling with a UML Profile
Geographic Databases Spatio-temporal Database Modeling with an Extended
Entity-Relationship Model
Geographic Dynamics, Visualization and Modeling M AY Y UAN Department of Geography and Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
Cross References OGC’s Open Standards for Geospatial Interoperability
Recommended Reading 1. ISO/IEC: ISO/IEC, ISO/IEC TR 14252 Information technology – Guide to the POSIX Open System Environment (1996) 2. OGC: OGC Abstract Specification, Topic 6 – The coverage type and its subtypes, Version 4. Wayland, Massachusetts (1999) 3. Di, L.: The development of remote sensing related stan
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