Epidemiology and Prevalence of Gout in Mainland China: an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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MEDICINE
Epidemiology and Prevalence of Gout in Mainland China: an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Jiayun Huang 1 & Zheng Feei Ma 1,2
&
Ying Tian 3 & Yeong Yeh Lee 2,4,5
Accepted: 13 July 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Gout is a common inflammatory joint disease. Although China is a developing country, it is an ethnically diverse country with regional economic disparities. To date, there are limited studies that investigated the gout prevalence from representative populations in mainland China. Therefore, we performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis in order to comprehensively review all the relevant published data that reported the prevalence of gout in mainland China from 1998 to 2019. The electronic databases including PubMed and Medline were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in the selected period. Meta-analyses were conducted by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. After screening and checking for eligibility, we included 67 articles with a total of > 394,768 participants. The pooled estimate of prevalence in the general population was 1.6% (95% CI, 1.2–2.2%). Gout prevalence rates varied from 0.8 to 5% by regions. The lowest and highest prevalence of gout was found in the Northwest (0.8%) and Southwest (5.0%), respectively. The prevalence rate was higher in males than in females (1.9% (95% CI, 1.5–2.4%) vs. 0.5% (95% CI, 0.3–0.8%) (P < 0.001). All funnel plots were symmetrical and no indication of publication bias was observed for all analyses. In conclusion, the prevalence of gout was reported to be on the rise. In addition, the burden of gout is also increasing in China. With the increasing aging populations and obesity rate in mainland China, the evidence from this updated systematic review and meta-analysis will be significant to prompt for optimizing management and treatment of gout at individual and population levels. Keywords Gout . Hyperuricemia . Uric acid . Public health . China
Introduction Jiayun Huang and Zheng Feei Ma contributed equally to this work. This article is part of the Topical Collection on Medicine * Zheng Feei Ma [email protected] * Yeong Yeh Lee [email protected] 1
Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
2
School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
3
Department of Nutrition, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
4
Gut Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
5
St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
Gout is a crystal-related joint disease caused by monosodium urate deposition, which is directly related to hyperuricemia caused by purine metabolism disorder and/or reduced uric acid excretion [1]. In addition, gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis [2]. Currently, gout affects about 1–10% of th
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