Geotechnical design parameter evaluation using the alluvial plain characteristics in southeastern Iraq
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Geotechnical design parameter evaluation using the alluvial plain characteristics in southeastern Iraq Jinung Do 1 & Ong Heo 2 & Yeo-Won Yoon 2 & Ilhan Chang 3 Received: 23 November 2017 / Accepted: 18 October 2018 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2018
Abstract Geotechnical construction is responsible for the overall stability of superstructures, and if there are design errors, the structure will be exposed to potential problems. Geotechnical design starts with the correct interpretation of the target ground. Southeastern Iraq is mainly comprised of an alluvial plain with diverse geological features, and, therefore, geotechnical design requires a detailed interpretation and understanding of the area. This paper reports on laboratory and field tests and in-depth analyses conducted on these alluvial plains. The results reveal that the upper layer of this area is highly over-consolidated. This may have been caused by the removal of overburden pressure as a result of glaciation and desiccation. The highly over-consolidated soils caused considerable sample disturbance by swelling the bored sample; this provided less reliable results. However, the cone penetration test was regarded as the most appropriate field assessment method for deriving sensible geotechnical design parameters. Despite its limitations in clayey soils, the standard penetration test provided results that matched well with previous observations due to the high penetration resistance of the highly over-consolidated ground. Down-hole tests and plate load tests were considered less reliable methods due to their limited applicability in this area. This study considers geographical features, laboratory methods, and empirical correlations from in situ tests, and, therefore, provides a well-summarized guideline to evaluate special geotechnical characteristics of the alluvial plain in southeastern Iraq. Keywords Alluvial plain . Arid regions . Geotechnical design parameters . In situ test . Laboratory test . Southeastern Iraq
Introduction Brief: Geotechnical site characterization for Southeastern Iraq * Ilhan Chang [email protected] Jinung Do [email protected] Ong Heo [email protected] Yeo-Won Yoon [email protected] 1
Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908, USA
2
Department of Civil Infrastructure Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
3
School of Engineering and Information Technology (SEIT), University of New South Wales (UNSW), Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
Damage to and failures in civil structures are mainly caused by factors such as stress imbalances, seismic events, extreme environmental conditions (e.g., wind, flood, and droughts), and deterioration of the construction (Feld and Carper 1997). Excluding natural disasters, about 60% of structural failures are attributed to errors in the planning or design stage (Love et al. 2013; Sowers 1993), where many historical failures are due to misjudgments of in situ geotechnical engine
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